Chapter 2 - Systems Of The Body Flashcards
Adrenal Glands
Two small glands, located on top of the kidneys, that are part of the endocrine system and secrete several hormones, including cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are involved in response to stress
Angina pectoris
Chest pain that occurs because the muscle tissue the heart is the price of adequate oxygen, or because removal of carbon dioxide and other waste interfere with the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart
Atherosclerosis
A major cause of heart disease caused by the narrowing of the arterial walls, two to the formation of plaques that reduce the flow of blood to the arteries, and interfere with the passage of nutrients from the capillaries into the cells
Autoimmunity
A condition in which the body produces an immune response against its own tissue constituents
Blood pressure
The force that blood exerts against vessel walls
Cardiovascular system
The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away, carbon dioxide in other ways to the kidneys for excretion, composed of the heart, blood vessels and blood
Disorders consist of atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemia, congestive heart failure, rheumatic fever
Catecholamines
The neurotransmitters, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, that promote sympathetic nervous system activity; released in substantial quantities during stressful times
Cell-mediated immunity
Slow acting immunologic reaction involving lymphocytes from the thymus gland, effective in defending against viral infections that invaded the cells, and against fungi, parasites, foreign tissues, and cancer
Cerebellum
The part of the Hindbrain responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture
Cerebral cortex
The main portion of the brain responsible for intelligence memory in the detection of the interpretation of sensation
Endocrine system
A bodily system of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood to stimulate target organs interacts with nervous system functioning
Disorders consist of diabetes
Humoral immunity
A fast acting immunologic reaction mediated by B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies in the bloodstream, in defending against bacterial infections in viral infections that have not yet invaded the cells
Hypothalamus
The part of the forebrain responsible for regulating water, balance and controlling, hunger and sexual desire assist and cardiac functioning, blood pressure regulation, and respiration regulation, plays a major role in regulation of the endocrine system, which controls the release of hormones, including those related to stress
Immunity
The bodies resistance to injury from invading organisms acquired from the mother at birth, through disease, through vaccinations and inoculations
Ischemia
A deficiency of blood to the heart due to obstruction or constriction of the coronary arteries. Often associated with chest pain
Kidney dialysis
A procedure in which blood is filtered to remove toxic substances, and excess fluid from the blood of patients whose kidneys do not function properly
