Chapter 2 Termss

Question 1

Plagiarism

Answer 1

using others’ ideas and words without attribution

Question 2

3 types of Unethical Research in order of most often used

Answer 2

Falsifying data, fabricating data, plagiarism

Question 3

APA’s Aspirational Goals & Enforcable Rules

Answer 3

• Beneficence and nonmaleficience- Fidelity and responsibility- Integrity- Justice- Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Question 4

Canada’s 3 Federal Research Agencies

Answer 4

• The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)- The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)- The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)

Question 5

Summary of Tri-Council Policy Statement

Answer 5

• Respect for human dignity- Respect for free and informed- Respect for vulnerable persons- Respect for privacy and confidentiality- Balancing harms and benefits- Minimizing harm

Question 6

Types of Research Exempt from IRB Approval

Answer 6

• Normal educational activity- Some anonymous and confidential surveys and interviews- Existing anonymous and confidential, publicly available information

Question 7

Reasons for Unethical Behaviour

Answer 7

• Pressure to publish and get grants- Inadequate mentoring- Possible mental disorder- Different standards across cultures

Question 8

IRB should consist of:

Answer 8

• 2 have expertise in relevant research disciplines- 1 is knowledgeable in ethics- 1 member is knowledgeable in the relevant law (mandatory for biomedical research)- 1 community member

Question 9

Alternatives to Deception

Answer 9

• Role playing- Naturalistic observation- Simulation

Question 10

If your research involves deception, you should ____ & ____ after the study is over

Answer 10

Dehoax, Desensitize

Question 11

Dehoaxing

Answer 11

Telling participants about the deception

Question 12

Desensitizing

Answer 12

Removing any negative effects of the deception

Question 13

Active deception

Answer 13

intentionally misinforming participants

Question 14

Passive deception

Answer 14

leaving out information

Question 15

Technical deception

Answer 15

misrepresenting information

Question 16

Implicit deception

Answer 16

creating a task whose intent is not clear

Question 17

Role deception

Answer 17

misrepresenting a person’s role in a study

Question 18

Consent

Answer 18

free (voluntary), informed and ongoing consent

Question 19

Goal of Informed Consent

Answer 19

provide people with sufficient information so they can make informed choices about whether to begin or continue participation in clinical research

Question 20

Involuntary consent involves these 3 characteristics

Answer 20

• Undue influence (Power and relationships)- Coercion (Threats)- Incentives

Question 21

When can consent be withdrawn?

Answer 21

Anytime

Question 22

If a participant withdraws consent, the participant can also request:

Answer 22

• withdrawal of their data and biological materials