Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

The law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds

Answer 2

Law of Definite Proportions

Question 3

A model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles in constant motion

Answer 3

Particle Model of Matter

Question 4

The building block of all matter; consists of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons

Answer 4

Atom

Question 5

A particle consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together

Answer 5

Molecule

Question 6

The measure of the amount of matter in an object

Answer 6

Mass

Question 7

The space enclosed or occupied by an object

Answer 7

Volume

Question 8

The mass per unit volume of an object

Answer 8

Density

Question 9

The force of gravity acting on the matter in an object

Answer 9

Weight

Question 10

A material made of only one kind of element or compound

Answer 10

Pure Substance

Question 11

A pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number

Answer 11

Element

Question 12

A pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio

Answer 12

Compound

Question 13

A physical combination of two or more substances in a changeable ratio

Answer 13

Mixture

Question 14

A mixture that does not have a uniform appearance since the combined substances are unevenly distributed

Answer 14

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 15

A mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout; also known as a solution, especially of a solid dissolved in a liquid

Answer 15

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 16

A substance that enters into a chemical reaction

Answer 16

Reactant

Question 17

The random movements of microscopic particles due to collisions

Answer 17

Brownian Motion

Question 18

The process of spreading out and mixing due to random particle motion

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

An extensive three-dimensional structure of atoms and ions built up by repeating subunits

Answer 19

Crystal Lattice

Question 20

A mixture with a uniform appearance throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture

Answer 20

Solution

Question 21

The state of matter in which particles vibrate in fixed positions, giving a substance a fixed shape and volume

Answer 21

Solid

Question 22

The state of matter in which particles are close together but able to move around

Answer 22

Liquid

Question 23

The state of matter in which particles are far apart, move rapidly, and have little interaction with each other

Answer 23

Gas

Question 24

A gas-like state of matter, formed at very high temperatures, that consists of high-energy ions and free electrons

Answer 24

Plasma

Question 25

Anything about a substance that can be observed or measured without altering its chemical composition

Answer 25

Physical Property

Question 26

Any change in matter that does not alter its chemical or nuclear composition

Answer 26

Physical Change

Question 27

A change that alters the chemical composition of a substance

Answer 27

Chemical Change

Question 28

A property of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions

Answer 28

Chemical Property

Question 29

The change of state from a solid to a liquid

Answer 29

Melting

Question 30

The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid

Answer 30

Melting Point

Question 31

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

Answer 31

Freezing

Question 32

The change of state from a liquid to a gas (vapor)

Answer 32

Vaporization

Question 33

The relatively slow form of vaporization in which a liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles

Answer 33

Evaporation

Question 34

The relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid

Answer 34

Boiling

Question 35

The temperature at which a liquid starts to boil

Answer 35

Boiling Point

Question 36

The law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but can only change form

Answer 36

Law of Conservation of Matter

Question 37

The change of state from a gas (vapor) to a liquid

Answer 37

Condensation

Question 38

The change in state directly from a solid to a gas (vapor) without melting first

Answer 38

Sublimation

Question 39

The change in state directly from a gas (vapor) to a solid without condensing first

Answer 39

Deposition

Question 40

A physical form of matter determined by the forces between and energy of its particles

Answer 40

State of Matter

Question 41

Energy that an object possesses due to its motion

Answer 41

Kinetic Energy

Question 42

A solid with particles arranged in regular, repeating patterns

Answer 42

Crystalline Solid

Question 43

A solid that consists of a mass of particles with no discernible pattern

Answer 43

Amorphous Solid

Question 44

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flowing

Answer 44

Viscosity

Question 45

The coldest temperature possible

Answer 45

Absolute Zero

Question 46

The physical property indicating how easily a material can be pulled into a wire

Answer 46

Ductility

Question 47

The physical property indicating how easily a material can be hammered or pressed into sheets

Answer 47

Malleability

Question 48

The physical property indicating how easily a material transfers thermal energy or electric charge

Answer 48

Conductivity

Question 49

The physical property indicating how well a substance reflects light

Answer 49

Luster

Question 50

A process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances

Answer 50

Chemical Reaction

Question 51

The chemical property indicating to what degree a material reacts with another substance

Answer 51

Reactivity

Question 52

The chemical property indicating how well a material burns in the presence of oxygen

Answer 52

Flammability

Question 53

A diagram summarizing the temperature and pressure conditions under which a pure substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 53

Phase Diagram

Question 54

The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor stats of a substance exist in equilibrium

Answer 54

Triple Point