Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
(39 cards)
Agriculture developed separately and independently in
a. Sub-Saharan Africa.
b. Europe.
c. India.
d. Australia.
A
The warming period at the end of the last Ice Age helped make agriculture possible by
a. creating generally drier conditions especially in temperate and tropical regions.
b. permitting cereal grasses to flourish.
c. contributing to the flourishing of the large mammals upon which Paleolithic peoples had relied for food.
d. None of the above
B
Which of the following was NOT an outcome of domestication?
a. The impact of human beings on the environment declined.
b. Many plants and animals became reliant on human action or protection to reproduce successfully.
c. Humans consciously directed the process of evolution in both plants and animals.
d. It became impossible for humankind to return to gathering/hunting both because of the loss of skills and the growth in human numbers.
A
The development of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa differed from the development of agriculture in Southwest Asia in which of the following ways?
a. Only the Fertile Crescent domesticated grain crops.
b. Only sub-Saharan Africa domesticated cattle.
c. In sub-Saharan Africa crops were domesticated in a greater variety of environments.
d. Fertile Crescent crops spread across Eurasia, while no crop from sub-Saharan Africa spread beyond Africa.
C
Which of the following was NOT a challenge to the establishment of agriculture in the Americas as compared to the Afro-Eurasian world?
a. The lack of rich cereal grains to domesticate
b. The lack of other crops with which to supplement a diet of maize
c. The north/south orientation of the Americas
d. The lack of large mammals suitable for domestication
B
Compared to the Americas, the domestication of animals in Southwest Asia made it easier
a. to fertilize fields.
b. to develop plow technology.
c. to rely less on hunting and fishing.
d. All of the above
D
The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration
a. resulted in the spread of language groups.
b. always benefited the gatherer-hunter peoples with whom migrants came into contact.
c. resulted in India receiving crops only from Southwest Asia.
d. resulted in the widespread dissemination of crops from New Guinea.
A
Gatherer-hunter societies most often succeeded in resisting the encroachment of agricultural societies in which of the following environments?
a. Arctic environments
b. Desert environments
c. Regions of particular natural abundance
d. All of the above
D
Early agricultural people
a. uniformly enjoyed a greater life expectancy than gatherer-hunters.
b. didn’t suffer from famines.
c. suffered from deadly diseases caught from domesticated animals.
d. had more leisure time than their gatherer-hunter counterparts.
C
Which of the following technologies was NOT first developed by Neolithic peoples?
a. Creation of pottery
b. Stone axes and scrapers
c. Weaving of textiles
d. Metallurgy
B
The “secondary product revolution”
a. occurred in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
b. refers to the development of new tools made of metal.
c. involved new uses for domesticated animals.
d. began in 10,000 B.C.E.
C
The Agricultural Revolution
a. lessened the impact of humans on the natural environment.
b. resulted in a uniform improvement in the health of the population.
c. resulted in significant technological developments.
d. lessened the impact of smallpox and other diseases on the human population.
C
Agricultural village societies
a. were usually organized in terms of kinship groups or lineages.
b. formed through the leadership of strong kings and aristocracies.
c. developed hierarchical societies with large disparities between elites and commoners.
d. formed a strong sense of patriarchy in which men dominated trades and positions of authority.
A
Which of the following statements is NOT true of chiefdoms?
a. Chiefdoms included inherited positions of power and privilege.
b. Chiefdoms were widespread among the Polynesian peoples of the Pacific islands.
c. Leaders in chiefdoms relied on generosity, gift giving, or personal charisma for authority.
d. The Igbo and the Tiv of West Africa were organized as chiefdoms.
D
The unique feature of the chiefdom (as compared to a stateless agricultural village) that was replicated, elaborated, and assumed to be natural in all later states and civilizations was
a. the distinction between elite and commoner based on charisma.
b. the distinction between elite and commoner based on achievement.
c. the distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.
d. None of the above
C
The Agricultural Revolution resulted in
a. the growing power of humans over many other species of plants and animals.
b. greater social distinctions between people than before.
c. an unprecedented increase in the human population.
d. All of the above
D
Pastoral societies differed from agricultural village societies in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a. pastoral societies relied more heavily on animals.
b. pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts.
c. agricultural village societies were more prevalent in the Americas than were pastoral societies.
d. pastoral societies were more mobile than agricultural societies
B
Diffusion
a. refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.
b. refers to the securing of more food and resources from a smaller area of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology.
c. refers to the slow colonization of new lands by agricultural peoples as growing populations and pressures to expand pushed them outward.
d. refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.
D
Domestication
a. refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.
b. refers to the securing of more food and resources from a smaller area of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology.
c. refers to the slow colonization of new lands by agricultural peoples as growing populations and pressures to expand pushed them outward.
d. refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.
A
About 12,000 years ago a new global pattern of human life started to unfold as humankind began
a. to migrate and settle outside of Africa.
b. deliberately to cultivate plants.
c. tame and breed wild animals.
d. Both b and c
D
Also known as the Neolithic Revolution, this is the transformation of human (and world) existence caused by the deliberate cultivation of particular plants and the deliberate taming and breeding of particular animals.
Agricultural revolution
An Asian-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific islands, thanks to their mastery of agriculture.
Austronesian
A Chinese archeological site, where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found.
Banpo
An African-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of eastern and southern Africa, thanks to their agricultural techniques and, later, their ironworking skills.
Bantu
