chapter 2 test answers Flashcards
How was the Peace of Augsburg like the Treaty of Westphalia?
Both agreements established that the ruler of a land may determine the official religion of that land.
Which of the following statements most accurately explains the impact that the fourth period of the Thirty Years’ War, the Swedish-French period, had on Germany?
During the fourth period of the war, French, Swedish, and Spanish soldiers looted all of Germany, killing an estimated one-third of its population.
The Roman Catholic Church recognized the need for reform and met from 1545–1563 at the _______.
Council of Trent
Luther’s response to the German Peasants’ Revolt proved that his reforms were ________.
religious, not social
King Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by ________.
publicly abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicism
Luther’s ninety-five theses ________.
sparked the Reformation in Germany
What advantage did an indulgence grant the buyer?
release from time in purgatory
The Peace of Augsburg recognized in law what had already been established in practice, which was that _________.
the ruler of a land would determine the religion in his territory
The Treaty of Westphalia finally granted Calvinists _________.
legal recognition
The new Protestant schools and universities of the 1500s were most likely to teach ________.
the ideas of humanism
The Thirty Years’ War began as a(n) ________.
revolt of Bohemian Protestant nobility against an unpopular king
The most successful politique was ________.
Elizabeth I of England
Shakespeare’s work can be said to deal with _________.
themes common to all humanity
Catherine de Médicis convinced the king to execute the Protestant leaders in the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre because she claimed that _______.
a Protestant coup was afoot, and that he must save the crown from an attack on Paris
The Reformation Parliament met for seven years and determined that ________.
the Catholic Church would remain the church of England
Whereas Charles Stuart is hereby declared to be justly condemned, and put to death, it is enacted, ordained, and declared, by this Parliament that all the people of England and Ireland are discharged of all fealty, homage, and allegiance…And whereas it hath been found by experience that the office of a king in this nation and Ireland is unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the liberty, safety, and public interest of the people; be it therefore enacted and ordained by this present Parliament that the office of a king in this nation shall not be exercised by any one single person; and that no one person shall have or hold the office, power, or authority of king…
—Cromwell Abolishes the English Monarchy (1651)
Opponents of the values that characterized the beliefs of Cromwell might well have supported what type of government?
absolutism
In my preceding pamphlet I had no occasion to condemn the peasants, because they promised to yield to law and better instruction, as Christ also demands. But before I can turn around, they go out and appeal to force, in spite of their promises, and rob and pillage and act like mad dogs… They practice mere devil’s work, and it is the arch-devil himself who reigns at Mühlhausen, Thomas Münzer, indulging in nothing but robbery, murder, and bloodshed. Since those peasants allow themselves to be led astray and act differently from what they declared, I likewise must write differently concerning them; and first bring their sins before their eyes, as God commands.
—Martin Luther, Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants (1525)
Which Protestant leader might well have disagreed with Luther on this issue?
Henry IV
John Calvin
We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to clerics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them…We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics…
In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience.
—The Edict of Nantes, 1598
The above document best represents which of the following?
the culmination of the French Wars of Religion
The Massacre of Protestants at Vassy, France (March 1, 1562)
The event depicted above began which of the following?
the French Wars of Religion
The map represents
the time of religious pluralism
Oneiromancy (witchcraft) may be practiced in two ways. The first is when a person uses dreams so that he may dip into the occult with the help of the revelation of devils with whom he has entered into an open pact. The second is when a man uses dreams for knowing the future. Witches, when they do not wish to be bodily transferred, but desire to see what their fellow-witches are doing, it is their practice to lie down and these things are revealed to in images. And if they seek to know some secret, they learn it in dreams from the devil, by reason of an open pact entered into with him.
—Dominicans Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger, Excerpt from Malleus Maleficarum (1486)
Based on the passage above and your knowledge, which of the following groups would have been most opposed to this interpretation?
lower class women
Whereas Charles Stuart is hereby declared to be justly condemned, and put to death, it is enacted, ordained, and declared, by this Parliament that all the people of England and Ireland are discharged of all fealty, homage, and allegiance…And whereas it hath been found by experience that the office of a king in this nation and Ireland is unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the liberty, safety, and public interest of the people; be it therefore enacted and ordained by this present Parliament that the office of a king in this nation shall not be exercised by any one single person; and that no one person shall have or hold the office, power, or authority of king…
—Cromwell Abolishes the English Monarchy (1651)
The passage above represents the culmination of which of the following events?
the English Civil War
The Church has always understood that confession of sins was instituted by the Lord, and necessary for all who have fallen into sin after baptism; the Lord Jesus Christ, when about to ascend from earth to heaven, left his own vicars, before whom all mortal offenses into which the faithful have fallen should be carried, so that they may pronounce forgiveness or retention of sins.
Venial sin whereby we are not excluded from the grace of God, into which we fall more frequently may be omitted without guilt and expiated by other remedies. But since all mortal sins, even those of thought, render men enemies of God; it is necessary to seek pardon from God for every mortal sin, by a full confession…
—Council of Trent
Based on the document and your knowledge, which of the following would be the most likely to agree with the general tone of the document?
Jesuits
German states 1618-1648
The event depicted that led to the above map was
the Thirty Years War.
