Chapter One Test

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a surge of interest in and production of art and literature. “Renaissance art” describes the style of art that came out of this period. In Old French renaissance means “rebirth.”

Question 2

the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a surge of interest in and production of art and literature. “Renaissance art” describes the style of art that came out of this period. In Old French renaissance means “rebirth.”

Answer 2

Renaissance

Question 3

Jacob Burckhardt

Answer 3

a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. An influential nineteenth century historian who famously described the Renaissance as the prototype of the modern world. He he influenced peoples’ opinions about the renaissance.

Question 4

a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. An influential nineteenth century historian who famously described the Renaissance as the prototype of the modern world. He he influenced peoples’ opinions about the renaissance.

Answer 4

Jacob Burckhardt

Question 5

City States

Answer 5

a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

Question 6

a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

Answer 6

City States

Question 7

Grandi

Answer 7

the conservative “old rich” class that ruled Florence. Ex: noblemen and merchants

Question 8

the conservative “old rich” class that ruled Florence. Ex: noblemen and merchants

Answer 8

Grandi

Question 9

Popolo Grosso

Answer 9

“New Rich” Emergent newly rich merchant class of florence capitalists and bankers; opposed grandi

Question 10

“New Rich” Emergent newly rich merchant class of florence capitalists and bankers; opposed grandi

Answer 10

Popolo Grosso

Question 11

Popolo Minuto

Answer 11

lower class, poor people of Florence, peasants who had no wealth

Question 12

lower class, poor people of Florence, peasants who had no wealth

Answer 12

Popolo Minuto

Question 13

Ciompi Revolt

Answer 13

in 1387 the popolo minuto (poor) rebelled in Florence. They ruled for next 4 years until Cosimo de’ Medici

Question 14

in 1387 the popolo minuto (poor) rebelled in Florence. They ruled for next 4 years until Cosimo de’ Medici

Answer 14

Ciompi Revolt

Question 15

Cosimo de Medici

Answer 15

(1389-1464) wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman. He internally controlled Florence; behind the scenes. He kept councillors loyal to him in the Signoria. Was head of Office of Public Debt and a patron of the Florentine Platonic Academy. His grandson was Lorenzo il Magnifico

Question 16

(1389-1464) wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman. He internally controlled Florence; behind the scenes. He kept councillors loyal to him in the Signoria. Was head of Office of Public Debt and a patron of the Florentine Platonic Academy. His grandson was Lorenzo il Magnifico

Answer 16

Cosimo de Medici

Question 17

Lorenzo de Medici

Answer 17

an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Grandson of Cosimo de Medici

Question 18

an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Grandson of Cosimo de Medici

Answer 18

Lorenzo de Medici

Question 19

Condottieri

Answer 19

the leaders of the professional military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance. In Renaissance Italian, condottiero meant “contractor”

Question 20

the leaders of the professional military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance. In Renaissance Italian, condottiero meant “contractor”

Answer 20

Condottieri

Question 21

Humanism

Answer 21

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Question 22

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Answer 22

Humanism

Question 23

Studia Humanitatis

Answer 23

liberal arts program of study that focuses on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics.

Question 24

liberal arts program of study that focuses on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics.

Answer 24

Studia Humanitatis

Question 25

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 25

An Italian poet (1304-1374) is praised for his Canzoniere, lyric poetry. He is considered to be one of the greatest love poets of world literature. Also was the founder of humanism

Question 26

An Italian poet (1304-1374) is praised for his Canzoniere, lyric poetry. He is considered to be one of the greatest love poets of world literature. Also was the founder of humanism

Answer 26

Francesco Petrarch

Question 27

Dante Alighieri

Answer 27

An Italian poet and moral philosopher. He was known for writing “The Divine Comedy”. This epic he wrote talks about the three branches of “the Christian afterlife” heaven, hell, and purgatory.

Question 28

An Italian poet and moral philosopher. He was known for writing “The Divine Comedy”. This epic he wrote talks about the three branches of “the Christian afterlife” heaven, hell, and purgatory.

Answer 28

Dante Alighieri

Question 29

Giovani Boccacio

Answer 29

An Italian poet, humanist, and writer. His famous piece of work is “Decameron”. Which is a gathering of a hundred tales being told by 10 people who escape from the city to survive the Black Death

Question 30

An Italian poet, humanist, and writer. His famous piece of work is “Decameron”. Which is a gathering of a hundred tales being told by 10 people who escape from the city to survive the Black Death

Answer 30

Giovani Boccacio

Question 31

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 31

An Italian author, diplomat, and courtier. His famous piece of work he made was “Book of the Courtier”. This piece of art propagated Italian humanism to England and France.

Question 32

An Italian author, diplomat, and courtier. His famous piece of work he made was “Book of the Courtier”. This piece of art propagated Italian humanism to England and France.

Answer 32

Baldassare Castiglione

Question 33

Christine de Pisan

Answer 33

An original writer defending women during medieval times.

Question 34

An original writer defending women during medieval times.

Answer 34

Christine de Pisan

Question 35

Pico Della Mirandola

Answer 35

An Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. First Christian scholar to use “kabbalistic Doctrine” to support Christian Theology.

Question 36

An Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. First Christian scholar to use “kabbalistic Doctrine” to support Christian Theology.

Answer 36

Pico Della Mirandola

Question 37

Platonism

Answer 37

the theory that numbers or other abstract objects are objective, timeless entities, independent of the physical world and of the symbols used to represent them.

Question 38

the theory that numbers or other abstract objects are objective, timeless entities, independent of the physical world and of the symbols used to represent them.

Answer 38

Platonism

Question 39

Lorenzo Valla

Answer 39

An Italian humanist, educator, Catholic priest, rhetorician. He is well known for his ability to analyze text. This skill was used to prove that the “Donation of Constantine” was fake

Question 40

An Italian humanist, educator, Catholic priest, rhetorician. He is well known for his ability to analyze text. This skill was used to prove that the “Donation of Constantine” was fake

Answer 40

Lorenzo Valla

Question 41

Civic Humanism

Answer 41

Todays term to mean moral, social and political philosophy. This idea originated during the fourteenth and fifteenth Italian city-states.

Question 42

Todays term to mean moral, social and political philosophy. This idea originated during the fourteenth and fifteenth Italian city-states.

Answer 42

Civic Humanism

Question 43

High Renaissance

Answer 43

A style of art during the beginning of the 16th century in Western Europe. This art thrived in Rome and Florence. The art comprised of technical mastery of drawing and conception, and a mature humanist idea.

Question 44

A style of art during the beginning of the 16th century in Western Europe. This art thrived in Rome and Florence. The art comprised of technical mastery of drawing and conception, and a mature humanist idea.

Answer 44

High Renaissance

Question 45

Chiaroscuro

Answer 45

The different contrasts of light and shadows in a piece of art.

Question 46

The different contrasts of light and shadows in a piece of art.

Answer 46

Chiaroscuro

Question 47

Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 47

was a man of an extraordinary skill set. Living through the Renaissance, he was an artist, inventor, architect, and student.

Question 48

was a man of an extraordinary skill set. Living through the Renaissance, he was an artist, inventor, architect, and student.

Answer 48

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 49

Raphael

Answer 49

A young Renaissance painter that lived in Italy, Florence, and Rome. He is famous for his Madonnas and Frescoes.

Question 50

A young Renaissance painter that lived in Italy, Florence, and Rome. He is famous for his Madonnas and Frescoes.

Answer 50

Raphael

Question 51

Michelangelo

Answer 51

A phenomenal painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He lived in Renaissance centered cities like Italy, Florence, and Rome.

Question 52

A phenomenal painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He lived in Renaissance centered cities like Italy, Florence, and Rome.

Answer 52

Michelangelo

Question 53

Mannerism

Answer 53

An art style that focused on the manner and feelings of the artist during the mid to late sixteenth century.

Question 54

An art style that focused on the manner and feelings of the artist during the mid to late sixteenth century.

Answer 54

Mannerism

Question 55

The French Invasions (of Italy)

Answer 55

A series of invasions by the French when Ludovico invited them into Italy.

Question 56

A series of invasions by the French when Ludovico invited them into Italy.

Answer 56

The French Invasions (of Italy)

Question 57

Pope Alexander VI

Answer 57

A corrupt pope that only sought to boost his own family’s political status. He made unnecessary sacrifices to gain power and control.

Question 58

A corrupt pope that only sought to boost his own family’s political status. He made unnecessary sacrifices to gain power and control.

Answer 58

Pope Alexander VI

Question 59

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 59

a diplomat who strived to better Italy's unity and formulated political theory. He was dismissed when the Medici clan regained power.

Question 60

a diplomat who strived to better Italy's unity and formulated political theory. He was dismissed when the Medici clan regained power.

Answer 60

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 61

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 61

Royalty that married to conjoin their two kingdoms. Ferdinand ruled Aragon, and Isabella was sovereign of Castile.

Question 62

Royalty that married to conjoin their two kingdoms. Ferdinand ruled Aragon, and Isabella was sovereign of Castile.

Answer 62

Ferdinand and Isabella

Question 63

Golden Bull

Answer 63

An agreement made in 1356 that established an electoral college of seven members to elect an Emperor.

Question 64

An agreement made in 1356 that established an electoral college of seven members to elect an Emperor.

Answer 64

Golden Bull

Question 65

Northern Renaissance

Answer 65

The rebirth of art, education, and ideas in Northern Europe.

Question 66

The rebirth of art, education, and ideas in Northern Europe.

Answer 66

Northern Renaissance

Question 67

Johann Guttenberg

Answer 67

Johann Guttenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who invented the world’s first printing press.

Question 68

Johann Guttenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who invented the world’s first printing press.

Answer 68

Johann Guttenberg

Question 69

Printing Press

Answer 69

A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink

Question 70

A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink

Answer 70

Printing Press

Question 71

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 71

was a Dutch Christian Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.

Question 72

a Dutch Christian Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.

Answer 72

Desiderius Erasmus

Question 73

Thomas More

Answer 73

Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist

Question 74

Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist

Answer 74

Thomas More

Question 75

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 75

the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.

Question 76

the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.

Answer 76

Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 77

Christopher Columbus

Answer 77

was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain

Question 78

was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain

Answer 78

Christopher Columbus

Question 79

Hernan Cortes

Answer 79

a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

Question 80

a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

Answer 80

Hernan Cortes

Question 81

Moctezuma II

Answer 81

was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.

Question 82

was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.

Answer 82

Moctezuma II

Question 83

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 83

a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain.

Question 84

Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain.

Answer 84

Francisco Pizarro

Question 85

Bartolomé de las Casas

Answer 85

16th-century Spanish colonist who acted as a historian and social reformer before becoming a Dominican friar.

Question 86

a 16th-century Spanish colonist who acted as a historian and social reformer before becoming a Dominican friar.

Answer 86

Bartolomé de las Casas

Question 87

Conquistadores

Answer 87

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Question 88

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Answer 88

Conquistadores

Question 89

Hacienda

Answer 89

a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house.

Question 90

a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house.

Answer 90

Hacienda

Question 91

Encomienda

Answer 91

a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

Question 92

a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

Answer 92

Encomienda