Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

True or False: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: A __________ bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom.

Answer 3

ionic

Question 4

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons equally?

Answer 4

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 5

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 5

A polar covalent bond is a type of bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in partial charges.

Question 6

Which type of bond is typically weaker: ionic, covalent, or hydrogen?

Answer 6

Hydrogen

Question 7

What do you call a molecule that has both a positive and a negative end?

Answer 7

Polar molecule

Question 8

True or False: Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonds help maintain the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a chemical substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.

Answer 10

molecule

Question 11

What type of bond holds the atoms within a water molecule together?

Answer 11

Covalent bond

Question 12

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Answer 12

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 13

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a molecule? A) NaCl B) O2 C) H2O D) All of the above

Answer 13

D) All of the above

Question 14

What kind of bond is responsible for the unique properties of water?

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

True or False: An atom with a full outer electron shell is typically reactive.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What are the three main types of chemical bonds?

Answer 16

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: A molecule formed by the covalent bonding of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is known as __________.

Answer 17

water

Question 18

What is a compound?

Answer 18

A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

Question 19

Which bond type is likely to form between a metal and a non-metal?

Answer 19

Ionic bond

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? A) H2O B) CO2 C) NH3 D) HCl

Answer 20

B) CO2

Question 21

True or False: Ionic bonds can form between atoms of the same element.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is electronegativity?

Answer 22

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract and hold onto electrons.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: A __________ bond occurs when two atoms of the same element share electrons equally.

Answer 23

nonpolar covalent

Question 24

What role do ionic bonds play in biological systems?

Answer 24

Ionic bonds help stabilize the structures of biomolecules and contribute to the formation of salts.

Question 25

What type of bond is formed between water molecules?

Answer 25

Hydrogen bond

Question 26

True or False: Water is a polar molecule.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the term for a molecule that has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other?

Answer 27

Polar molecule

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The bond formed between sodium and chlorine in table salt is an __________ bond.

Answer 28

ionic

Question 29

What is a dipole?

Answer 29

A dipole is a molecule that has two poles, one positive and one negative, due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 30

Multiple choice: Which bond is typically found in organic molecules? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Both B and C

Answer 30

D) Both B and C

Question 31

What is the effect of hydrogen bonding on water's boiling point?

Answer 31

Hydrogen bonding raises the boiling point of water compared to other similar-sized molecules.

Question 32

True or False: Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is a molecule called that consists of two or more different elements?

Answer 33

Compound

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom is known as a __________ bond.

Answer 34

hydrogen

Question 35

What is the primary reason for the formation of covalent bonds?

Answer 35

To achieve a full outer electron shell.

Question 36

Multiple choice: Which bond is formed by the complete transfer of electrons? A) Covalent B) Ionic C) Hydrogen D) Metallic

Answer 36

B) Ionic

Question 37

True or False: Atoms with similar electronegativities tend to form ionic bonds.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What is the name of the bond formed between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons?

Answer 38

Covalent bond

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The bond angles in a water molecule are approximately __________ degrees.

Answer 39

104.5

Question 40

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Answer 40

Hydrogen bonds help hold the two strands of DNA together.

Question 41

Multiple choice: Which type of bond is generally the strongest? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Van der Waals

Answer 41

B) Covalent

Question 42

True or False: Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is a characteristic property of water due to hydrogen bonding?

Answer 43

High surface tension

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for glucose is __________.

Answer 44

C6H12O6

Question 45

What type of bond is most likely to form between two nonmetals?

Answer 45

Covalent bond

Question 46

What is the primary force that holds the atoms in a molecule together?

Answer 46

Chemical bonds

Question 47

True or False: The strength of a hydrogen bond is comparable to that of a covalent bond.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What is the term for the energy required to break a bond?

Answer 48

Bond dissociation energy

Question 49

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds? A) Low melting points B) Conduct electricity in solution C) Gaseous state at room temperature D) None of the above

Answer 49

B) Conduct electricity in solution

Question 50

Fill in the blank: A __________ bond is formed when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved.

Answer 50

polar covalent

Question 51

What is the result of a hydrogen bond between two water molecules?

Answer 51

Attraction between the molecules, contributing to water's properties.

Question 52

True or False: Covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?

Answer 53

A molecule can consist of the same or different atoms, while a compound consists of different atoms.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is __________ electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.

Answer 54

more

Question 55

What is the term for the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule?

Answer 55

Molecular geometry

Question 56

Multiple choice: Which bond is primarily responsible for the properties of water? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Metallic

Answer 56

C) Hydrogen

Question 57

True or False: Molecules can exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

What is the significance of the octet rule in chemical bonding?

Answer 58

Atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they have eight electrons in their outer shell.

Question 59

Fill in the blank: A molecule with more than one type of atom is called a __________.

Answer 59

compound

Question 60

What is the primary characteristic of a nonpolar molecule?

Answer 60

It has an even distribution of electrical charge.

Question 61

True or False: All compounds are molecules.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What type of bond is formed between atoms with similar electronegativities?

Answer 62

Covalent bond

Question 63

Fill in the blank: The bond strength of a covalent bond is generally __________ than that of a hydrogen bond.

Answer 63

greater