Chapter 2-The Healing Process

Question 1

mechanism of injury

Answer 1

cause of the injury or the manner in which the injury occurs

Question 2

3 common mechanisms of injury

Answer 2

Compression, separation (tensile), and shear forces

Question 3

compression force

Answer 3

tissue is crushed in between two or more objects

Question 4

tension force

Answer 4

structure is pulled apart from either one or both ends

Question 5

shear force

Answer 5

1 or more forces move across the tissues

Question 6

3 phases of healing

Answer 6

inflammatory, fibroblastic repair, and maturation remodeling phrase

Question 7

inflammatory phase

Answer 7

• 1st phase of healing process for acute injuries
• up to 4 days to complete
  1. vasoconstruction immediately occurs, then vasodialation
  2. pain, redness, swelling, etc occur due to exudate
  3. chemical mediators reduce exudate
  4. ends w/ phagocytes debriding the area

Question 8

vasoconstruction

Answer 8

• blood vessels become narrowed (histamine)

- increases blood flow to injured area

Question 9

vasodialation

Answer 9

blood vessels become larger

Question 10

exudate

Answer 10

• formed by plasma fluid and cells

- located in space outside blood vessels

Question 11

ecchymosis

Answer 11

black and blue, bruise like color of skin during internal bleeding

Question 12

fibroblastic repair phase

Answer 12

• up to 6 wks
  1. decrease in symptoms from 1st phase
  2. capillaries form and bring O2; ROM increase
  3. Collagen reforms and gains strength from fibroblast construction

Question 13

maturation-remodeling phase

Answer 13

• starts 3wks later and can take years to complete
  1. organization of collagen scar tissue
  2. Scar strengthens and decreases in size

Question 14

Signs

Answer 14

physically observable and objective

Question 15

Symptoms

Answer 15

not physically observable, but are subjective to the injured person

Question 16

sprain

Answer 16

injury to a ligament; 1-3 degree

Question 17

strain

Answer 17

injury to muscle, tendon, or most commonly the musculotendinous junction where muscle and tendon meet; 1-3 degree

Question 18

tendinopathy

Answer 18

injuries to the tendon

Question 19

muscle spasms

Answer 19

muscle cramps; involuntary contractions of the muscles

Question 20

contusions

Answer 20

bruise; caused by a compression force

Question 21

fractures

Answer 21

break in bone caused by compression, tension, or shear forces

Question 22

transverse fracture

Answer 22

complete fracture perpendicular to long axis of bone

Question 23

greenstick fracture

Answer 23

incomplete fractures; side opposite the force is broken

Question 24

comminuted fracture

Answer 24

complete fracture w/ numerous tiny peices

Question 25

compression/ impacted fracture

Answer 25

stress applied from both ends of bone

Question 26

spiral fracture

Answer 26

result of torsion and compression forces

Question 27

avulsion fracture

Answer 27

piece of bone pulled off main bone by ligament or tendon

Question 28

common causes of illness

Answer 28

+bad nutrition, no exercise +stress, heredity, toxins +microorganism infection: bacterial, viral, fungal