Chapter 2 - The Human Movement System Flashcards
(25 cards)
Nervous System
- all movement starts here
- communication system to rest of the body
- cns and pns
CNS
- central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
PNS
- Peripheral nervous system
- made up of all the nerves extending from cns
- carries messages to and from CNS
Neuron
- Basic functional unit of the nervous system
- 3 types
: sensory, interneurons, motor
Sensory Neurons
- receive information
- afferent (accept)
Interneurons
- carries and interprets information
Motor Neurons
- causes motor response
- efferent (effect)
Muscular System
Composed of muscles that help
Move and stabilize our body
Skeletal Muscle
- muscle that attaches to skeleton
- create movement around joints, using bones as levers
- 4 types (agonist, antagonist, synergist, stabilizer)
Agonist Muscles
- primer movers of a joint
- usually large muscles
Antagonist Muscles
- opposite muscles of prime mover
- decelerate movement that’s being produced
Synergist Muscles
- assist agonist muscle
- when agonist is too weak, this potentially becomes prime mover (not good), may create faulty movement
Stabilizer Muscles
- stabilizes body while prime mover and synergist work
- prevent unwanted motion to occur
Skeletal System
- supports us
- provides shape and form
- protect vital organs
- leverage for our muscles
Mechanoreceptors
Detect physical changes within the body
Golgi Tendon Organs
- sense tension and pressure in muscle
- serve as protective mechanism forcing a muscle to relax when tension is too high
Muscle Spindles
- located within muscle
- responsible for sending lengthening of muscle
- protect muscle from tearing when stretches too far (contracts)
Joint Receptors
- located in joint capsule
- sense motion, acceleration, deceleration of joint
- protect body by signaling the brain that a joint should not be put into a compromised position
Type 1 Muscle Fibers
- slow twitch
- contain more capillaries, more mitochondria, and myoglobin than muscle 2 fibers
Appendicular Skeleton
- Made up of upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle
- approx 126 bones
Adrenal Gland
- located in endocrine system
- secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholomaines in response to stress
Pituitary Gland
Release growth hormone during childhood up until puberty
Type 2 vs type 1 muscle fibers
Decreases oxygen delivery
The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which function of the nervous system?
Sensory
