Chapter 2 - Vocabulary

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The total of an energy transformations that occur in the body. (Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins)

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine triphosphate
Stored chemical energy that links the energy-yielding and energy-requiring functions within all cells.

3 Processes (All three are active at all times, one may have dominance)

1. ADP + PC (phosphocreatine) > C + ATP (ATP PC System)
2. Anaerobic respiration-glycolysis (Lactic Acid System)
3. Aerobic respiration- glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETS/OP (Aerobic System)

Question 3

Coupled Reactions

Answer 3

Energy-requiring and Energy-releasing

Question 4

Cellular Respiration

Answer 4

The process by which cells transfer energy from food to Tap in a stepwise series of reactions; relies heavily upon the use of oxygen

Cells utilizing energy

Question 5

Anaerobic

Answer 5

In the absence of oxygen

Question 6

Aerobic

Answer 6

In the presence of oxygen

Question 7

Glycogenolysis

Answer 7

The process by which stored glycogen is broken down (hydrolyzed) to provide glucose

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

The energy pathway responsible for the initial catabolism of glucose in a 10 or 11 step process that begins with glucose or glycogen and ends with the production of pyruvate (aerobic glycolysis) or lactate (anaerobic glycolysis)

Question 9

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 9

The creation of glucose in the liver from noncarbohydrate sources, particularly glycerol, lactate, pyruvate , and alanine.

-Glu: glucose Neo: new Genesis: creation

Question 10

Beta Oxidation

Answer 10

Cyclic series of steps that breaks off successive pairs of carbon atoms fro FFA (Free-Fatty Acids) , which are then used to form Acetyl CoA

• Energy Dense
• 9 kcal/oz of fat
• Body stores fat in muscles and adipose tissue
• Fat is stored DRY (no water molecules)

Question 11

AMP

Answer 11

Adenosine Monophosphate