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A&P > Chapter 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Area of space a given distance from an atom’s nucleus in which electrons are grouped

A

Electron shell

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2
Q

Compound consisting of more than two carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via glycosidic bonds

A

Polysaccharide

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3
Q

nitrogen-containing base with a double ring structure; adenine and guanine

A

purine

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4
Q

change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

A

denaturation

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5
Q

Group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that tends to behave as a distinct unit in chemical reactions with other atoms

A

Functional group

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6
Q

Substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen

A

Inorganic compound

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7
Q

building block of proteins; characterized by an amino and carboxyl functional groups and a variable sidechain

A

amino acid

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8
Q

Class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

A

Lipid

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9
Q

unstable, heavy isotope that gives off subatomic particles, or electromagnetic energy, as it decays

A

radioactive isotope

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10
Q

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

A

carbohydrate

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11
Q

electrical force linking atoms

A

bond

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12
Q

Attraction between an anion and a cation

A

Ionic bond

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13
Q

one or more substance that enter into the reaction

A

reactant

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14
Q

A lipid compound in which a phosphate group is combined with a diglyceride

A

Phospholipid

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15
Q

pair of carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via a glycosidic bond

A

disaccharide

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16
Q

One of the variations of an element in which the number of neutrons differ from each other

A

Isotype

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17
Q

ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein

A

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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18
Q

Class of organic compounds composed of one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar, and a base

A

Nucleotide

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19
Q

solution containing a weak acid or a weak base that opposes wide fluctuations in the pH of body fluids

A

buffer

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20
Q

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element

A

atom

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21
Q

nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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22
Q

outermost electron shell of an atom

A

valence shell

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23
Q

amount of energy greater than the energy contained in reactants, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed

A

activation energy

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24
Q

Covalent bond formed within a polypeptide between sulfide groups of sulfar-containing amino acids, for example, cysteine

A

Disulfide bond

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25
Q

atom with a positive charge

A

cation

26
Q

Class or organic compounds that are composed of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

A

Protein

27
Q

chemical bond in which two atoms SHARE electrons, thereby completing their valence shells

A

covalent bond

28
Q

Dipole-dipole bond in which hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is weakly attractred to a second electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

29
Q

nitrogen-containing base with a single ring structure; cytosine, thiamine, and uracil

A

pyrimidine

30
Q

heavy subatomic particle having a positive charge and found in the atom’s nucleus

A

proton

31
Q

Molecule with regions that have opposite charges resulting from uneven numbers of electrons in the nuclei of the atoms participating in the covalent bond

A

Polar molecule

32
Q

substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

A

compound

33
Q

Type of chemical reaction in which bonds are both formed and broken, resulting in the transfer of components

A

Exchange reaction

34
Q

atom with a negative charge

A

anion

35
Q

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

Mass number

36
Q

homogeneous liquid mixture in which a solute is dissolved into molecules with a solvent

A

solution

37
Q

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

38
Q

reactant in an enzymatic reaction

A

substrate

39
Q

Subatomic particle having a negative charge and nearly no mass; found orbiting the atom’s nucleus

A

Electron

40
Q

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process

A

catalyst

41
Q

compound that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

A

base

42
Q

lipid compound composed of glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

A

triglyceride

43
Q

compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

A

acid

44
Q

form of energy that is absorbed as chemical bonds form, stored as they are maintained, and released as they are broken

A

chemical energy

45
Q

Covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

A

Peptide bond

46
Q

liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

A

colloid

47
Q

Protein or RNA that catalyzed chemical reactions

A

Enzyme

48
Q

type of catabolic reaction in which one or more bonds within a larger molecule are broken, resulting in the release of smaller molecules or atoms

A

decomposition reaction

49
Q

type of anabolic reaction in which two or more atoms or molecules bond, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule.

A

synthesis reaction

50
Q

Lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes

A

Prostaglandin

51
Q

deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

A

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

52
Q

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together

A

Molecule

53
Q

number of particles within a given space

A

concentration

54
Q

Addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound

A

Phosphorylation

55
Q

Energy that matter possesses because of its motion

A

Kinetic energy

56
Q

Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution

A

pH

57
Q

Substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means

A

Element

58
Q

Monomer of carbohydrate; aka simple sugar

A

Monosaccharide

59
Q

Large molecule formed by covalent bonding

A

Macromolecule

60
Q

Atom with a overall positive or negative charge

A

Ion

61
Q

lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

A

steroid

62
Q

One or more substance produced by a chemical reaction

A

Product

A&P (11 decks)

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