chapter 20 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Progressivism
A reform movement in the early 20th century that sought to address social, political, and economic problems caused by industrialization, advocating for government regulation, labor rights, and social justice.
Muckrakers
Investigative journalists who exposed corruption, poor working conditions, and social injustices, such as Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis.
Taylorism
A system of scientific management developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor to improve industrial efficiency by standardizing work tasks and increasing productivity.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
A leading organization in the temperance movement that campaigned for the prohibition of alcohol, women’s rights, and social reform.
Theodore Roosevelt
The 26th U.S. president (1901-1909), known for trust-busting, conservation efforts, and progressive reforms, including the Square Deal and regulation of big businesses.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
A tragic factory fire in New York City that killed 146 workers, leading to stronger labor laws and workplace safety regulations.
Income Tac (16th Amendment, 1913)
A constitutional amendment that allowed the federal government to collect income tax, replacing tariffs as the primary source of government revenue.
The Jungle (1906)
A novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to public outrage and the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.
Environmental Conservation
A movement led by Theodore Roosevelt and figures like Gifford Pinchot to preserve natural resources, create national parks, and regulate land use.
Progressives and Race
While progressives pushed for many social reforms, most ignored racial issues or supported segregation; figures like W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington fought for African American rights separately.
Election of 1912
A four-way presidential race between Woodrow Wilson (Democrat), Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose), William Howard Taft (Republican), and Eugene V. Debs (Socialist), with Wilson winning due to the Republican vote split.
Woodrow Wilson
The 28th U.S. president (1913-1921), known for progressive policies like the Federal Reserve Act, anti-trust reforms, and leadership during World War I.
Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment, 1920)
A movement that successfully secured the right to vote for women, led by activists like Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
A law that created the Federal Reserve System, establishing a central banking system to regulate monetary policy, stabilize the economy, and control inflation.
