Chapter 20

Question 1

Gram Positive/Negative constitute for the largest group of human bacterial pathogens?

Answer 1

Gram negatives

Question 2

lipid A is found in what structure of the bacterial cell?

Answer 2

bacterial cell wall

Question 3

Most dangerous pathogens are ones that can breach skin, grow at 37C and evade the immune system. These usually lead to what two things?

Answer 3

disease and death

Question 4

The only genus of GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI that regularly causes disease in humans? Enterobacteria/Neisseria?

Answer 4

Neisseria

Question 5

Neisseria is often formed as DIploBacilli/Diplococci?

Answer 5

diplococci

Question 6

Neisseria is _____ positive, which distinguishes it from many gram-negative pathogens (hint- a metabolic enzyme)

Answer 6

oxidase positive (cytochrome oxidase)

Question 7

The two species of Neisseria that are pathogenic to humans are N. _____ and N._____

Answer 7

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

Question 8

Are Neisseria suseptible to drying out and temp extremes?

Answer 8

YES. cannot survive on toilet seat

Question 9

The Gonococcus: Neisseria gonorrhoeae attches to lining of [a]____ _____. but not to linings of [b] ____ ____

Answer 9

a- male urethra

b- female vagina

Question 10

Infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in older children is strong evidence of?

Answer 10

sexual abuse

Question 11

Neisseria gonorrhoeae more prevalent in which race? and overall more common in males or females?

Answer 11

african americans

females

Question 12

Gonorrhea in men is _____ and in females is often _____

Answer 12

painful

asymptomatic

Question 13

If you have gram negative diplococci in pus from inflamed penis then you probably have:

Answer 13

gonorrhea

Question 14

In The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis: the release of lipid A is done through Dying cells/Blebbing?

Answer 14

Blebbing (releasing extrusions of outer membrane of cell wall but bacterium stay alive)

Question 15

The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis

can be normal microbiota of Trachea/Upper respiratory?

Answer 15

Upper resp

Question 16

The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis

is transmitted by resp droplets and air. and those who are living

Answer 16

in poor healthcare system

Question 17

Meningitis is _____ of the _____

Answer 17

inflammation of the meninges

Question 18

Stiff neck indicates a sign of which disease?

Answer 18

Meningitis

Question 19

Septicemia is caused by which species? Neisseria meningitidis/ Neisseria ghonnorrhoeae?

Answer 19

meningitidis

Question 20

If you have gram negative diplococci in phagocytes of the CNS you probably have:

Answer 20

Meningitis

Question 21

to distinguish between Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae you can perform a ____ test

Answer 21

oxidase test

Question 22

Gram ____ bacteria cause the most nosocomial infections

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

Enterobacteriaceae is also known as ____

Answer 23

enterics

Question 24

Enterics are Gram ____

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

enterics are pathogenic/nonpathogenic? Have Capsule/No capsule?

Answer 25

Pathogenic | Have Capsule

Question 26

Enterics can be mobile. If they are they have Pleomorphic/Peritrichous flagella?

Answer 26

Peritrichous

Question 27

Are enterics Faculative Anaerobes/Obligate Aerobes?

Answer 27

Facultative anaerobes

Question 28

Enterics are Oxidase negative/positive?

Answer 28

oxidase negative

Question 29

Genera of enterics can be distinguished based on Microscopic/Biochemical tests? and also by _____ characteristics on media.

Answer 29

Biochemical | colonial

Question 30

The outer MEMBRANE of enterics contain _______?

Answer 30

lipopolysaccharides

Question 31

Capsules, fimbriae/adhesins, exotoxins, iron-binding compounds, hemolysins, type III secretion systemare all factors of _____ in ____

Answer 31

virulence | enterics

Question 32

____ are the most common gram negative pathogens of humans

Answer 32

enterics

Question 33

Enterics are found in most intestinal microbiota of animals and humans. T/F?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

You can differentiate between enterics on media between those that can and cannot ferment ____?

Answer 34

lactose

Question 35

Prevention for enterics is ____ _____

Answer 35

nearly impossible

Question 36

Pathogenic ______ are often classified into three groups: Coliforms, Noncoliforms opportunists, and true pathogens.

Answer 36

Enterics

Question 37

Truly pathogenic enterics do/do not ferment lactose?

Answer 37

do not

Question 38

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are Opportunistic/Truly Pathogenic enterics?

Answer 38

truly pathogenic

Question 39

Salmonella is gram _____

Answer 39

negative

Question 40

Shigella is primarily a parasite of the ____ tract

Answer 40

digestive

Question 41

S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which is the most common in industrialized nations?

Answer 41

s. sonnei

Question 42

S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which produces the most serious form of disease?

Answer 42

s. dysenteriae

Question 43

Y. pestis is extremely ____

Answer 43

virulent

Question 44

ENDEMIC hosts for the Bubonic Plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?

Answer 44

rats, mice, voles

Question 45

AMPLIFYING hosts for the bubonic plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?

Answer 45

Cats dogs deer

Question 46

How are humans infected with Y. Pestis (Bubonic Plague)

Answer 46

by fleas or direct contact with dead animals

Question 47

Pasteurellaceae require heme or cytochromes for growth. T/F?

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Pasteurella is normal microbiota found in oral and nasopharyngeal cavities of ____?

Answer 48

animals

Question 49

Brucella is aerobic/anaerobic? bacillus/coccus?

Answer 49

aerobic | bacilli

Question 50

Brucella melintensis cause a disease called brucellosis mainly in _____?

Answer 50

animals

Question 51

Brucellosis causes ____ in animals?

Answer 51

infertitlity

Question 52

Bordetella's most important pathogen is called Brucella melintensis/or B. pertussis?

Answer 52

B. pertussis

Question 53

Pertussis is also known as ____ _____?

Answer 53

whooping cough

Question 54

Incubation, Catarrhal Phase, Paroxysmal phase, convalescent phase, are the stages to ____? Which is the most sever stage?

Answer 54

pertussis (whooping couch) | paroxysmal phase

Question 55

pseudomonads are opportunistic/true pathogens?

Answer 55

opportunistic

Question 56

Having _______ __ ______ is indicative of suffering from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 56

blue/green color on bandages

Question 57

Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are predominant microbiota of what 4 body systems?

Answer 57

Gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive, and lower respiratory

Question 58

Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are important because they inhibit the growth of most __[a]__? They also synthesize Minerals/Vitamins?

Answer 58

Vitamins

Question 59

Pathogenic, gram negative anaerobic bacilli cause disease when .....

Answer 59

introduced to other parts of the body

Question 60

Bacteriodes are normal microbiota of the intestines and upper respiratory tracts. They are involved in what 3infections?

Answer 60

abdominal, genital in women, wound infections of skin

Question 61

Prevotella is normal microbiota of urinary, genital and upper respiratory tracts. they are involved in infections what 3 places?

Answer 61

sinus and ear, abdominal, brain abcesses

Question 62

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and vibrios differ from other gram negatives in __[a]___, __[b]__ habits, and __[c]___ strategy

Answer 62

a-morphology, b-growth habits c-reproductive

Question 63

Rickettsias are very small and are obligate ectracellular/intracelluar parasites?

Answer 63

intra