Chapter 20: Blood vessels

Question 1

Fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through the ______.

Answer 1

placenta

Question 2

Newborn’s cardiovascular system is independent or dependent?

Answer 2

independent

Question 3

Fetal lungs are ___________.

Answer 3

nonfunctional

Question 4

Blood pressure on the ____ side of the fetal heart is greater than the ______.

Answer 4

right side is greater than the left.

Question 5

Fetal vessels ____ blood to organs in need and away from immature organs.

Answer 5

shunt

Question 6

Fetal circulatory route
1._
2._
3._
4._

Answer 6

1.Umbilical vein
2.ductus venosus
3.inferior vena cava
4. empties into right atrium

Question 7

Most blood shunted from right to left atrium via ________ ______.

Answer 7

foramen ovale

Question 8

Small amount of blood enters right ventricle and is pumped to _________ trunk.

Answer 8

pulmonary

Question 9

Blood travels to the rest of the body and returns to placenta through a pair of ___________ arteries.

Answer 9

umbilical

Question 10

Nutrient and gas exchange of the fetus occurs at the _________.

Answer 10

placenta

Question 11

With first breath, pulmonary arteries _______ and pulmonary resistance drops.

Answer 11

dilate

Question 12

Pressure on the _______ side of the heart decreases with first breath.

Answer 12

right

Question 13

Pressure is greater on the ______ side of the heart after first breath

Answer 13

left

Question 14

After birth, umbilical vein becomes the :

Answer 14

round ligament of the liver

Question 15

After birth, umbilical arteries become:

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 16

After birth, the ductus venosus ceases to be functional and constricts, this becomes the :

Answer 16

Ligamentum venosum

Question 17

Higher pressure on the left side of the heart pushes flaps of _______ closed.

Answer 17

septum

Question 18

What closes after birth?

Answer 18

Foramen ovale

Question 19

A remnant of the foramen after birth is the _______ _______, a small depression.

Answer 19

fossa ovalis

Question 20

Ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 _____ of birth.

Answer 20

hours

Question 21

The ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 hours of birth, then becomes a fibrous structure known as:

Answer 21

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 22

Inhibiting ______ may help close ductus arteriosus after birth if it fails to do so.

Answer 22

prostaglandins

Question 23

High blood pressure in pulmonary circulation, blood flowing from aorta able to enter pulmonary system and mixing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood are likely a result of what?

Answer 23

ductus failing to close after birth

Question 24

A portal system is a system in which

Answer 24

blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart

Question 25

what is the most common type of capillary?

Answer 25

continuous

Question 26

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 26

hepatic veins

Question 27

The umbilical cord contains _________ umbilical vein(s) and ___________ umbilical artery(ies).

Answer 27

One;two

Question 28

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the a: internal jugular veins b: right sigmoid sinus c: left sigmoid sinus d: subclavian veins e: straight sinus

Answer 28

A, D

Question 29

Blood pressure is lowest in:

Answer 29

veins

Question 30

Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine which can

Answer 30

stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilater

Question 31

renin converts ________ to ________.

Answer 31

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 32

The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of ____ and ______ absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.

Answer 32

nutrients and toxins.

Question 33

What is the sequence of pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?

Answer 33

subclavian artery axillary artery brachial artery ulnar artery

Question 34

Angiotensin II causes

Answer 34

Vasoconstriction, decrease urine formation, and increased thirst

Question 35

To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as ________ are released to trigger _________.

Answer 35

thromboxanes; vasoconstriction

Question 36

Filtration dominates at the _________ end of a capillary bed, and is driven by _________ pressure.

Answer 36

Arterial ; hydrostatic

Question 37

The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it

Answer 37

passes above the inguinal ligament

Question 38

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the ______ and _____ arteries

Answer 38

radial; ulnar

Question 39

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

Answer 39

Systemic veins

Question 40

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of _______ veins.

Answer 40

Brachiocephalic

Question 41

Blood flow is ______ related to the pressure gradient but ________ related to the resistance.

Answer 41

directly; inversely

Question 42

Which of the following supplies blood to the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 42

Obturator artery

Question 43

Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries, ________ fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

Answer 43

more

Question 44

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate:

Answer 44

Chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center

Question 45

Peripheral resistance is _________ related to vessel length and ______ related to vessel radius.

Answer 45

directly; inversely

Question 46

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ___________ and the tissues of the body.

Answer 46

Capillaries

Question 47

The inferior mesentric artery supplies blood to the 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 47

transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum

Question 48

The popliteal artery supplies the ______ joint.

Answer 48

knee