Chapter 20: Industrial Revolution Flashcards
(25 cards)
Richard Arkwright (water frame)
Made the water frame spinning machine that was powered by water or horse.
Cotton industry
The Agricultural Revolution
Started in Britain
Changes in methods of farming and stock breeding led to significant increase in food production
James Hargreave (spinning jenny)
Made the spinning jenny which enabled spinners to produce yarn in greater quantities
Samuel Crompton (mule)
Combined aspects of the spinning jenny and water frame to increase yarn production even more
James Watt
Created the steam engine which pumped 3 times as quickly as previous engines
Henry Cort
Developed the system of puddling to burn impurities out of iron to produce higher quality iron
Jethro Tull
he expanded farming methods by using a hoe to keep soil loose and using a drill to plant rows of seeds
Richard Trevithick
Pioneered the first steam engine powered locomotive on an industrial rail line
5 miles per hour
George Stephenson (rocket)
First locomotive on public railways
Went from Liverpool to Manchester
16 miles per hour
Great Exhibition of 1851
The worlds first industrial fair held in the Crystal Palace
Exhibited products made in the industrial revolution
showed human domination over nature
The Crystal Palace
Held the Great Exhibition
Enormous structure made entirely of glass and iron
A tribute to british engineering skills
Credit Moblier
Large public banks that accepter deposits from many and invested large scale on railroads, mining and heavy industry
The Irish Potato Famine
A blight struck the potato crops which were the main source of food for the Irish and so many many people died of starvation
Britians Poor Law Commision
They produced detailed reports about the living conditions of the working class.
Edwin Chadwick
An urban reformer
Obsessed with eliminating poverty
Wanted cleaner more sanitary cities
Advocated a system of modern sanitary reform with efficient sewers and piped water
Cholera
A deadly disease that was rampant in the filthy cities of the working class Scared the middle classes
Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
.
Trade Unions
Formed by skilled workers of a craft
Wanted to gain benefits from employers and preserve job positions
The Factory “working class”
Lived very close the the factories
All members of the family worked
Bad living conditions
Bad working conditions
Robert Owen
Wanted to demonstrate the benefits of cooperative rather than competitive living to unions
Started the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
The Luddites
Skilled craftspeople in the midlands and northern England who resented industrialization
Chartism/Peoples Charter
An attempt by British workers to improve their conditions
Wanted to be peaceful and constitutional but would use force
The Factory Acts
Limited work hours
Age limits
Education for kids required
Factory inspectors were appointed
Ten Hours Act of 1847
Reduced child work day to 10 hours
Women were also given 10 hours
