Chapter 20 - Lymphatic system and organs

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 1

Returns interstitial fluids and plasma proteïns leaked from blood vessels back to blood

Question 2

From which parts does the lymphatic system consist?

Answer 2

Lymphatics, lymph and lymph nodes

Question 3

What is the function of lymphoid organs and tissues?

Answer 3

Provide a structural basis of immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

Question 4

What are lymphoid organs?

Answer 4

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, other lymphoid tissues

Question 5

How much interstitial fluid circulates the lymphatic system per day?

Answer 5

3 litre

Question 6

What is the new name of interstitial fluid when it gets into the lymphatics?

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

Where does the fluid come in and out in the lymphatic system?

Answer 7

It is forced out cleft of capillaries and returns to blood at venous end

Question 8

What causes continuous mixing of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Answer 8

Bulk fluid flow acroos capillary

Question 9

On which two opposing forces does the direction and amount of fluid flow depend?

Answer 9

Hydrostatic pressures and colloid osmotic pressures

Question 10

What kind of force is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 10

A force exerted by fluid pressing against wall

Question 11

What is the difference between HPc and HPif?

Answer 11

HPc is pressure that tends to force fluids through capillary walls and HPif is a pressure pushing fluid back into vessel

Question 12

What kind of pressure is colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 12

A pressure created by nondiffusible plasma proteins pulling water back into capillary

Question 13

What comprises all forces acting on capillary bed?

Answer 13

Net filtration pressure (NFP)

Question 14

What is the name for the net fluid flow out at arterial end and in at venous end?

Answer 14

filtration and reabsorption

Question 15

When does edema occur?

Answer 15

If fluids are not picked up from tissues

Question 16

How is the flaplike minivalve formed?

Answer 16

Endothelial cells forming the walls of lymphatic capillairies overlap to form flaplike minivalves

Question 17

How are capillaries anchored to connective tissue?

Answer 17

With filaments

Question 18

When are the minivalves closed?

Answer 18

Higher pressure on the inside

Question 19

What are collecting lymphatic vessels?

Answer 19

Lymph capillaries drained into inceasingly larger vessels

Question 20

Out what parts does a larger lymphatic vessel exist?

Answer 20

collecting vessels, trunks and ducts

Question 21

What is the difference between a lymph and blood vessel?

Answer 21

Thinner walls and more anastomose

Question 22

What is a lymphatic trunk?

Answer 22

An union of largest collecting vessels

Question 23

Where does lymph go from the trunks?

Answer 23

Into lymphatic ducts

Question 24

Which duct drains the right upper arm, right side of head and thorax?

Answer 24

the right lymphatic duct

Question 25

Which duct drain the rest of the body?

Answer 25

Thoracic duct

Question 26

What is lymphangitis?

Answer 26

Condition in which lymphatic vessels appear as painful red lines under the skin

Question 27

What causes lymphangitis?

Answer 27

Inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

Question 28

To what antigens protect T cells and B cells?

Answer 28

Bacteria and their toxins; viruses Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells

Question 29

What is the function of T cells?

Answer 29

Manage the immune response Attack and destroy foreign cells

Question 30

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 30

Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies

Question 31

What are other lymphoid cells?

Answer 31

Macrophages, Dendritic cells, reticular cells

Question 32

What are the functions of macrophages, dendritic cells and reticular cells?

Answer 32

Macrophages foreign substances and help activate T cells Dendritic cells capture antigens and deliver them to lymph node Reticular cells produce stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid organs

Question 33

What is another name for dendritic cells?

Answer 33

Antigen-Presenting-Cells (APCs)

Question 34

Which lymph tissue dominates?

Answer 34

Reticular except for the thymus

Question 35

Which two main lymph type tissues are there?

Answer 35

Diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles

Question 36

Why is lymphoid tissue an important component of the immune system?

Answer 36

Houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes Furnishes a surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 37

How does diffuse lymphatic tissue look like?

Answer 37

Scattered reticular connective tissue elements

Question 38

What does lymphatic follicles look like?

Answer 38

Solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular elements and lymphoid cells

Question 39

Where are lymph nodes for?

Answer 39

they have protective functions as filters lymph and in the immune system lymphocytes are activated

Question 40

What is the global structure of a lymph node?

Answer 40

Bean shaped, external fibrous capsule, trabeculae extend inward and divide the node into compartments, cortex and medulla

Question 41

What is Bubo?

Answer 41

An inflamed lymph node

Question 42

What is the effect of fewer efferent vessels?

Answer 42

Causes flow of lymph to stagnate, allowing lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out functions

Question 43

What does afferent mean?

Answer 43

To the organ

Question 44

Which other organs contribute to lymphatic function?

Answer 44

Spleen, MALT (Mucosa-associated tissues, tonsils, Peyer's patches, appendix, thymus)

Question 45

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 45

Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets recycles the breakdown products of RBCs for later reuse Stores blood platelets and monocytes RBC production in fetus

Question 46

What is the function of the MALT?

Answer 46

Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign material in tonsillar crypts

Question 47

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 47

Organ where T cells mature