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ANDREWS’ Diseases Of The Skin 13 Ed. > CHAPTER 20: PARASITIC INFESTATION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 20: PARASITIC INFESTATION Flashcards

1
Q

May be the sole manifestation of early amebiasis

A

Chronic urticaria

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2
Q

Treatment of choice for amebiasis cutis

A

Metronidazole 750mg TID x 10 days

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3
Q

Common cause of vaginal pruritus with burning and frothy leukorrhea
​
Vaginal mucosa is bright red with pseudomembranous patches

A

Trichomoniasis

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4
Q

Treatment of trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole 2g single dose

Or 500mg BID x 7 days

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5
Q

Treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnant women

A

Clotrimazole 100mg intravaginally per night x 2 weeks

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6
Q

Treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Spontaneous healing in 12-18 months
​
Topical: paromomycin sulfate 15% + methylbenzethonium chloride 12%
Ketoconazole cream
Cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser
​
Systemic: immunosuppressed
Sodium antimony gluconate IM/IV 20mg/kg/day in 2 doses x 28 days

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7
Q

Cutaneous ulcer
Transmitted by sandfly
Endemic in Asia minor and Mediterranean

A

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

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8
Q

The vector hosts of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis?

for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

VECTORS:
​
Phlebotomus sandflies:
Old World type

Phlebotomus perniciosus and Lutzomyia sandflies: New World cuta- neous leishmaniasis.

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9
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has an initial cutaneous ulcer and develops a secondary mucosal lesions after how much time?

A

Within 5 years

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10
Q

Earliest mucosal lesion in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Hyperemia of nasal septum with subsequent ulceration

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11
Q

aka ESPUNDIA

A

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

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12
Q

Antimony resistance is common in this type of leishmaniasis

A

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

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13
Q

Treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Combination therapy:

Antimonials with rifampin/azithromycin

Amphotericin B

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14
Q

aka kala-azar, dumdum fever

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

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15
Q

Primary target site of leishmanial parasites in visceral leishmaniasis is

A

Reticuloendothelial system

-spleen, liver, bone marrow and lymph nodes

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16
Q

Etiologic factors causing visceral leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania donovani spp. donovani, infantum, and chagasi

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17
Q

Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Pentavalent antimony

Amphotericin B- resistant cases

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18
Q

Evanescent erythema, erythema multiforme and edema (angioedema) are the early skin manifestations observed in

A

Trypanosomiasis

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19
Q

causative agent of african trypanosomiasis?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense and T. rhodesiense in Africa

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20
Q

causative agent of AMERICAN trypanosomiasis?

A

T. cruzi

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21
Q

Chagas’ disease
reduviid bug (kissing bug, assassin bug),
Romana’s sign

A

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease)

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22
Q

Treatment of East African (Rhodesian) trypanosomiasis

No CNS involvement:
With CNS involvement:

A

No CNS involvement: suramin

With CNS involvement: melasoprol

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23
Q

Treatment for West African (Gambian) trypanosomiasis

A

Pentamidine isethionate

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24
Q

Treatment for American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)

A

Nifurtimox

Benznidazole

25
Q

Treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

26
Q

Organisms enter a snail
Swimming
Attack by burrowing into skin
Transient erythematous reaction then recur after 10-15 hrs

A

swimmer’s itch or
Schistosome cercarial dermatitis

27
Q

Mild itching and papular dermatitis of feet

Urinary bladder/ intestinal inhabitation of the organisms

Fever, chills, pneumonitis, eosinophilia, petechiae, malaise, abdominal crsmps, arthritis, liver spleen involvement

A

Visceral schistosomiasis (bilharziasis)

28
Q

A severe urticarial eruption known as urticarial fever or Katayama fever is frequently present along

A

S. japonicum infection;

29
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis

A

For both S. haematobium and S. mansoni, praziquantel (Biltricide), 40 mg/ kg orally for each of two treatments in 1 day, is the therapy of choice.

S. japonicum treatment requires 60 mg/kg in three doses in 1 day

30
Q

Painless nodules in subcutaneous tissues

Organisms may enter general circulation and form cysts in striated muscles

A

Cysticercosis cutis

31
Q

tx for Cysticercosis

A

Albendazole or praziquantel

32
Q

Also known as hydatid disease
From ova-contaminated feces from an infected dog

Infestation of liver and lungs

Eosinophilia, intractable urticaria and pruritus

A

Echinococcosis

33
Q

tx for Echinococcosis

A

praziquantel

34
Q

Chief symptom of pinworm infestation

A

nocturnal pruritus ani

35
Q

Oxyuriasis is caused by

A

roundworm Enterobius vermicu- laris,

36
Q

Treatment of enterobiasis

A

Albendazole, 400 mg, or
mebendazole, 100 mg, or
pyrantel pamoate, 11 mg/kg (maximum 1 g), given once and repeated in 2 weeks, is effective.

Personal hygiene and cleanliness at home are important.

37
Q

Erythematous macules and papules that turn into vesicles

Occurs in toe webs, soles and ankles

Iron deficiency anemia, skin becomes dry and pale or yellowish

Carried into circulation to the lungs—pharynx—swallowed into the small intenstine

A

Hookworm ( ancylostoma, necator)

38
Q

Treatment of hookworm disease

A

Albendazole 400mg single dose
Mebendazole 100mg BID x 3 days or 500mg single dose
Pyrantel pamoate 11mg/kg (max 1g) OD x 3 days

Prevention of contamination of soil

39
Q

Treatment for hookworm disease

A

Albendazole 400 mg SD
Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days or 500 mg SD
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg ( max 1 g) OD x 3 days

Prevention of contamination of soil

40
Q

Term applied to twisting, winding linear
skin lesions produced by the burrowing of larvae.

A

Creeping eruption (larva migrans)

(Hookworm: ancylosytoma braziliense or ancylostoma caninum)

41
Q

patchy infiltrate of the
lungs and eosinophilia as high as 50% in the blood and 90%
in the sputum, may complicate creeping eruption.

A

Loeffler syndrome

42
Q

Tx for larva migrans

A

Ivermectin, 200 µg/kg, generally given as a single 12-mg dose and repeated the next day, or

albendazole, 400 mg/day
for 3 days, is an effective treatment.

43
Q

autoinfection caused by penetration of the perianal skin by infectious
larvae as they are excreted in the feces.

Aka peri-anal larva migrans syndrome

Caused by strongyloides stercoralis

A

Larva currens

44
Q

Tx for larva currens

A

ivermectin, 200 µg/kg/day for 2 days, or

thiabendazole, 50 mg/kg/day in two doses (maximum 3 g/day) for 2 days

45
Q

Lymphedema, hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissues

Enlargement and deformity of affected parts

Recurrent attacks of acute lymphangitis with chills and fever

A

Elephantiasis (filariasis)

46
Q

Tx for filariasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine X 14 days

47
Q

often asymptomatic. appearance of symptoms maybe 1 year. The first sign is ofte

Transmitted by Mango fly
painful, localized, subcutaneous, nonpitting edema called
Calabar or fugitive swelling

Worm under conjunctiva, eosinophilia and microfilariae in peripheral blood

A

Loiasis ( loa loa)

48
Q

painful, localized, subcutaneous, nonpitting edema

First sign observed in loiasis

A

Calabar swelling

49
Q

Tx for loiasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine

50
Q

Itchy papular dermatitis localized to one extremity, may become chronic

Transmitted by black fly
After a time, subcutaneous nodules develop that are painful

A

Onchocerciasis

51
Q

Tx for onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin

52
Q

Inflict series of bites in a row

“Breakfast, lunch, dinner”

A

Cimicosis ( bed bug bites)

53
Q

Tx for trichinosis

Caused by trichenilla spiralis

A

Albendazole

54
Q

Tx for cimicosis (bed bug bites)

A

Permethrin impregnated bednets
Ivermectin 200 ug/kg

55
Q

aka vagabond’s disease

A

Pediculosis corporis (pediculosis vestimenti)

is caused by body lice that lay their eggs in the seams of clothing

56
Q

Treatment for pediculosis

A

Permethrin
Nit combing
Launder clothing 65C for 30 mins drying

57
Q

Pruritic papular lesions, excoriations and burrows

Favors finger webs wrists axillar umbilicus lower abdomen genitals buttockss

Dull red nodules may appear during active period in scrotum penis or vulva

A

Scabies

58
Q

Axillae, elbow, flexures, wrists and hands and crotch are mostly affected in scabies and is collectively called

A

Circle of Hebra

59
Q

Treatment for scabies

A

Permethrin 5% cream
Benzyl benzoate and 10% precipitated sulfur in white petrolatum

Thoroughly rubbed and washed off 8-10h later

ANDREWS’ Diseases Of The Skin 13 Ed. (20 decks)

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