Chapter 20 Phylogenies & Classification Of Species

Question 1

What is phylogeny? What info does it tell you?

Answer 1

• a branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships and histories
• it tells you the species, populations, genes, make predictions about them, how life is connected through evolutionary history, and how closely related species are

Question 2

What is phylogeny used for?

Answer 2

• makes predictions about behavior, ecology, physiology,morphology of species not yet studied in detail
• how closely related species have more traits in common

Question 3

What are the different components of a phylogenetic tree

Answer 3

• species
• lineage
• node

Question 4

What is a taxon? How do you recognize one on a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 4

• a taxonomical group of organism. Goes from domain to species
• the tips of trees are taxon

Question 5

What is a clade?

Answer 5

• any group consisting of an ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
• clipping off a branch of a tree

Question 6

How are traits used in constructing a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 6

-closer things are on a tree the more related they hate and have more traits in common

Question 7

What is the difference between homologous and analogous traits? Example

Answer 7

• homologous have a shared ancestor while analogous evolved later on not same ancestor
• example forearm and wings

Question 8

Synapomorphy

Answer 8

-a derived trait shared among a group

Question 9

Parsimony

Answer 9

-the fewest amount of evolutionary changes

Question 10

What is the difference between an ancestral and derived trait? Know how to recognize if a trait is ancestral or derived on a tree

Answer 10

• ancestral trait is inherited from a common ancestor

- derived trait found in descendant and is different from ancestor