Chapter 20: social problems in schools Flashcards
Which 4 different attribution styles are there? Give an example for each
- Aptitude: stable internal
–> I’m stupid - Effort: instable internal
–> I didn’t study hard enough - Task difficulty: stable external
–> The teacher taught badly - Chance: instable external
–> My dog was ill, so I couldn’t study
What is self-regulated learning (SRL) and which 3 steps are needed before this stage is reached?
The ability to understand and control one’s learning environment
First well being has to be good.
1. Safety
2. Social support/belonging
3. Enjoyment
What’s the difference between wellbeing goals and performance goals?
Well being goals work toward the goal of self-regulated learning
When self-regulated learning is achieved, you have performance goals
What is the influence of social comparison and peer pressure?
Social comparison: usually comparing yourself upward
–> Motivating + stressful
Peer pressure: discouragement of any overt display of academic engagement by classmates (nerds)
What is bullying?
Term to define an individual’s repeated exposure to negative actions by one or more people
Which two things create a systematic abuse of power in a school setting?
- Imbalance of power
- Repetition
What are 3 types of social pressure in the classroom?
- Social comparison
- Self-worth protection
- Peer pressure
What is self-worth protection?
Tendency of some students to reduce their levels of effort, so that any poor academic performance can be attributed to low motivation instead of lack of ability
What are the 5 types of bullying?
- Verbal: insulting, laughing
- Relational: ignoring, excluding
- Material: destroying, stealing
- Physical: hitting, kicking
- Cyber: internet bullying
What are protective factors for bullied children? Name 3 factors
- Warm family
- Friends
- Limited period of bullying
Why is cyberbullying especially horrible? Give 3 reasons
- No place to hide
- Anonymity
- Large audience
Name 6 characteristics of a bully
- Authoritarian parenting
- Lack of clear rules/monitoring
- Conflict in family
- ADHD kids
- Aggressive response style
- Expectations of positive consequences (respect)
Name 6 characteristics of a victim of bullying
- Anxious, withdrawn kids
- Anxious, passiver reactions
- Reactive aggression/emotional
- Conflict in family
- Overprotective families
- Being different (ADHD)
What are 3 causes of bullying?
- Society factors: tolerance of violence
- Community level: neighborhood violence, safety and socioeconomic conditions
- School level: school climate, teacher-pupil relationship
What are three types of interventions to reduce bullying?
- Whole school policy: legal requirement to have an anti-bullying policy
- Curriculum work: raising awareness, develop skills, empathy and assertiveness in confronting bullying
- Programs
What are the effects of being bullied? Name 5 things. What is the long term effect?
- Anxiety/depression
- Physical complaints
- Suicidal thoughts
- Low self-esteem
- Absence from school
Long-term: depression in later life
What is the quality circle program?
Small groups of children that solve problems such as bullying
What is the Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning program (SEAL)?
UK-based relationships curriculum to developing social and emotional skills
What is an assertiveness training?
It’s a training to help victims or potential victims of bullying to cope in a non-passive and non-aggressive way
Which 5 types of peer support system forms are there?
- Circle time: class can address particular problems
- Circle of friends: provide support team of peers to work with vulnerable pupil
- Befriending: assignment of pupil to befriend a peer
- Conflict resolution/mediation: neutral third party assists participants to resolve a fight
- Active listening/counselling based: pupil helpers are trained and supervised to use active listening skills to support peers
Why does the peer-support system not always work? Name 3 things
- It’s not helpful when regular supervision is needed
- if problem is too severe
- not enough peer supporters available
How does an effective playground policy reduce bullying?
If the playground is well-designed without too much invisible corners, the bullying will decrease.
What are reactive strategies and which 3 approaches are there?
These strategies deal with bullying when it has happened.
- Direct sanctions/Retributive justice
- Restorative justice
- Support group
What is retributive and restorative justice?
Retributive = direct sanctions
Restorative = focus on bully being made aware of the victim’s feelings and the harm they have caused
