Chapter 20 - Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917 Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Mary E. Lease

A

Populist political advocate and leader of the temperance and women’s suffrage movements

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2
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

dominant Populist force who was the Democratic presidential candidate three times

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3
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

vice president during McKinley’s second term who was sworn in as the 26th president after his assassination

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4
Q

Robert La Follette

A

Republican governor of Wisconsin (1901-1905) who promoted the Wisconsin Idea

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5
Q

Louis Brandeis

A

lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court

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6
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

African American sociologist and civil rights activist

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7
Q

Eugene V. Debs

A

socialist union leader and founding member of the IWW

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8
Q

Progressive Era

A

era between the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of World War I; four goals - to clean up politics, limit the power of big business, reduce poverty, promote social justice

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9
Q

“waving the bloody shirt”

A

referred to politicians who brought up old animosities from the Civil War era that should have been set aside

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10
Q

Gilded Age

A

name for the Progressive Era that refers to the corruption and stagnancy of politics at the time

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11
Q

Pendleton Act (1883)

A

established nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination

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12
Q

Mugwumps

A

branch of reform-minded Republicans who left the party in 1884 to support Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland

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13
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

A

forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring federal investigation of trusts and companies operating in violation of the act

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14
Q

Lodge Bill (1890)

A

proposed that whenever 100 citizens in a district appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board could investigate and set the rightful winner (not passed)

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15
Q

Omaha Platform (1892)

A

statement by Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans

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16
Q

free silver

A

policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver and gold

17
Q

Williams v. Mississippi

A

1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests

18
Q

“Solid South”

A

post-Reconstruction goal of almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic Party

19
Q

Populism

A

a political movement that sought to represent the interests of ordinary people

20
Q

Lochner v. New York

A

1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers’ workday to ten hours because that violated bakers’ rights to make contracts

21
Q

William McKinley

A

25th president whose victory was widely understood as a triumph for business

22
Q

Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)

A

allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands

23
Q

William Howard Taft

A

27th president

24
Q

Wisconsin Idea

A

policy promoted by Robert La Follette for greater government intervention in the economy with reliance on experts for policy recommendations

25
recall
voting to remove unpopular politicians from office
26
referendum
voting directly on a proposed law (rather than leaving it in the hands of legislators)
27
National Child Labor Committee
recorded brutal working conditions in mines and mills and attempted to change them
28
Muller v. Oregon
1908 Supreme Court decision that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours
29
talented tenth
term used by W.E.B. Du Bois for the top 10% of educated African Americans, whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights
30
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
organization founded in 1910 as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans (especially through the courts)
31
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905 that was dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism
32
New Nationalism
Theodore Roosevelt's proposal that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare
33
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic 28th president
34
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
gave the nation a banking system that was more resistant to economic crises
35
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases
36
Ida Tarbell
muckraker who exposed the ills of Standard Oil