Flashcards in Chapter 20 - Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917 Deck (36):
1
Mary E. Lease
Populist political advocate and leader of the temperance and women's suffrage movements
2
William Jennings Bryan
dominant Populist force who was the Democratic presidential candidate three times
3
Theodore Roosevelt
vice president during McKinley's second term who was sworn in as the 26th president after his assassination
4
Robert La Follette
Republican governor of Wisconsin (1901-1905) who promoted the Wisconsin Idea
5
Louis Brandeis
lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court
6
W.E.B. Du Bois
African American sociologist and civil rights activist
7
Eugene V. Debs
socialist union leader and founding member of the IWW
8
Progressive Era
era between the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of World War I; four goals - to clean up politics, limit the power of big business, reduce poverty, promote social justice
9
"waving the bloody shirt"
referred to politicians who brought up old animosities from the Civil War era that should have been set aside
10
Gilded Age
name for the Progressive Era that refers to the corruption and stagnancy of politics at the time
11
Pendleton Act (1883)
established nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination
12
Mugwumps
branch of reform-minded Republicans who left the party in 1884 to support Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland
13
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring federal investigation of trusts and companies operating in violation of the act
14
Lodge Bill (1890)
proposed that whenever 100 citizens in a district appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board could investigate and set the rightful winner (not passed)
15
Omaha Platform (1892)
statement by Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans
16
free silver
policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver and gold
17
Williams v. Mississippi
1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests
18
"Solid South"
post-Reconstruction goal of almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic Party
19
Populism
a political movement that sought to represent the interests of ordinary people
20
Lochner v. New York
1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts
21
William McKinley
25th president whose victory was widely understood as a triumph for business
22
Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)
allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands
23
William Howard Taft
27th president
24
Wisconsin Idea
policy promoted by Robert La Follette for greater government intervention in the economy with reliance on experts for policy recommendations
25
recall
voting to remove unpopular politicians from office
26
referendum
voting directly on a proposed law (rather than leaving it in the hands of legislators)
27
National Child Labor Committee
recorded brutal working conditions in mines and mills and attempted to change them
28
Muller v. Oregon
1908 Supreme Court decision that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours
29
talented tenth
term used by W.E.B. Du Bois for the top 10% of educated African Americans, whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights
30
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
organization founded in 1910 as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans (especially through the courts)
31
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905 that was dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism
32
New Nationalism
Theodore Roosevelt's proposal that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare
33
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic 28th president
34
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
gave the nation a banking system that was more resistant to economic crises
35
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases
36