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Micro 101 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural defenses of the skin

A

Keratin: Tough waterproof layer
Skin sloughing: Every 20-40 days
Sebum: Low pH, high lipid
Sweat: Low pH, high salt, and
Lysozyme: which digests peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Normal skin flora

A

•Propionibacterium acnes
•Corynebacterium spp. (Dipththeroids)
•Micrococcus spp.
•Staphylococcus spp.
•Streptococcus spp.
•Yeasts
•Many others

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3
Q

Propionibacterium acnes: Gram positive rod is also known as

A

Acne

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4
Q

Steps of acne formation

A
  1. Digests sebum
  2. Attracts neutrophils
  3. Neutrophil digestive enzymes cause lesions, “pus pockets”
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5
Q

Most common skin disease in humans

A

Acne

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6
Q

Oil-based cosmetics worsen disease

A

Acne

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7
Q

Benzoyl peroxide dries plugged follicles, kills microbes which treats

A

Acne

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8
Q

Tetracycline (antibiotic) can treat

A

Acne

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9
Q

Accutane – inhibits sebum formation can treat

A

Acne

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10
Q

Contagious crusty skin

A

Impetigo

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11
Q

Impetigo is caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

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12
Q

Large red blisters that peeled off in sheets; typically not deadly although very painful

A

(SSSS) Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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13
Q

Most treated pathogen

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

Associated with a number of diseases, including impetigo and SSSS

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

These enzymes are virulence factors for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Coagulase (diagnostic test for S. aureus), Hyaluronidase, Staphylokinase, Lipases

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16
Q

“Flesh Eating Strep”

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

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17
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis “Flesh Eating Strep” is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

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18
Q

Tissue digesting enzymes

A

• Hyaluronidase
• Streptokinase
• Streptolysins

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19
Q

Rapidly spreading cellulitis may lead to loss of limb due to this condition

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis “Flesh Eating Strep”

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20
Q

Disease starts as localized infection; Pain in area, flu-like symptoms

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

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21
Q

Invasive and spreading; May lead to toxic shock (drop in blood pressure)

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

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22
Q

30-70% mortality, requires surgical removal and antibiotics

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

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23
Q

Causes fever, chills, headache, muscle pain

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A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

24
Q

Red to black rash (caused by subcutaneous hemorrhaging) Petechiae

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A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

25
Transmitted to humans by tick bites, now found mostly in Eastern Atlantic states
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
26
A negative bacillus or coccobacillus, is also obligate intracellular parasite
Rickettsia rickettsii
27
Bind to cell surface and are taken into endothelial cells
Rickettsia rickettsii
28
Escape from phagosome into cytoplasm, have ETC
Rickettsia rickettsii
29
Obtain nutrients, NAD+ and CoA from host; Cause capillaries to degrade
Rickettsia rickettsii
30
Vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii
Wood Tick and Dog Tick
31
Treatable with antibiotics; Diagnosed using fluorescent antibodies on tissue samples, PCR
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
32
30% of untreated cases and 5% of treated cases are still fatal
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
33
Vesicles are
Vesicular or pustular rash (elevated lesions filled with fluid)
34
Human Pox virus
Smallpox
35
Human simplex 1 and 2
Cold Sores
36
Human Herpesvirus-3
Chickenpox
37
This disease has been eliminated due to world-wide vaccine program (Vaccinia: a Jennerian vaccine) very infectious viral disease (epidemic)
Smallpox
38
The virus has been preserved in government labs by agreement, at CDC in Atlanta, and in Russia, considered a bioterrorism agent
Smallpox
39
This disease was known for thousands of years; Overall death rate was 20-80% of those infected (Death in children was more common)
Smallpox
40
“Varicella – Zoster”
Chickenpox
41
Common virus; decreasing disease in the USA due to effective childhood vaccine
Chickenpox “Varicella – Zoster”
42
Benign disease with life long immunity, but life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals
Chickenpox “Varicella – Zoster”
43
Recuperation can result in life long benign Varicella-zoster virus latency (shingles)
Chickenpox “Varicella – Zoster”
44
Viral infection through aerosol droplet; systemic infection
Chickenpox virus
45
Maculo-papular rashes
flat to slightly raised colored bump (Measles virus, Rubella virus, Fifth Disease)
46
Chickenpox virus infection life cycle
1.local infection in lymph node(s) (neck) 2.lymphocyte associated viremia(Fever, malaise) 3. Spread throughout the body 4.Shed in respiratory tract secretions and Skin Vesicles (blisters of clear fluid) 5.Recovery with virus latency in neurons 6.Life long immunity
47
Viral infection through aerosol droplet: One of the MOST communicable viruses
Measles
48
Measles infection life cycle
1. Initial infection of the oro-pharynx; local infection lymph node(s) (of the neck) 2.lymphocyte associated viremia (Fever, malaise) 3.Spread throughout the body 4.Shed in respiratory tract secretions Koplik’s spots (Skin Rash) 5.Recovery; life long immunity
49
MMR vaccine
Effective childhood vaccine (2-3 doses): MMR (measles,mumps, rubella), but measles still exists worldwide
50
The leading cause of vaccine- preventable death among children
Measles
51
Measles causes
health complications, pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis
52
Death Rate for Measles
Developed countries: 1-5% Malnourished children: 10-30%
53
The primary reason for ongoing high childhood deaths
is the failure to deliver at least one dose of measles vaccine
54
Viral infection through aerosol droplet; systemic infection (mild rash)
Rubella
55
Rubella is serious for a fetus when contracted in the first trimester of pregnancy because
•Disrupts fetus development of the CNS and/or other organs: Congenital Rubella Syndrome • Small birth weight, blindness, hearing loss, mental retardation, heart problems • Infection lasts for months-years in the newborn
56
Rubella has a vaccine that is highly effective called
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)

Micro 101 (6 decks)

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