Chapter 21

Question 1

two types of arthritis

Answer 1

osteoarthritis- degenerative
rheumatoid- autoimmune disease
- fusing of cells, lose ROM

Question 2

what is a bucket handle tear

Answer 2

femur pushes contact with meniscus, comes down on an angle and tears the meniscus

Question 3

what is osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 3

joint mice
loose particles from repeated trauma

Question 4

what is ganglion of tendon sheath

Answer 4

bible cysts
cystic growth most commonly found on dorsum of wrist

Question 5

what is osteomalacia and osteomyelitis

Answer 5

boe softening
bone or bone marrow infection

Question 6

what are the two types of osteoporosis

Answer 6

primary: idiopathic, hormone imbalance

secondary: extensive drug use, inactivity

Question 7

what is halux valgus

Answer 7

inward turning of big toe

Question 9

what is halux varus

Answer 9

inward turning of big toe

Question 10

what is hammer toe

Answer 10

abnormal positioning of one of your toes

Question 11

what are the two types of bunions

Answer 11

tailors- pinky toe
normal- big toe

Question 12

what is coxa vera and coxa vulga

Answer 12

vera- inward turning
valga- outward turning

Question 13

what is talipes varus and talipes valgus

Answer 13

varus- ankles inward
valgus- ankles outward

Question 14

what are the two types of dislocations

Answer 14

luxation- all the way out
sublux- partially out of the joint

Question 15

what are the fracture classifications

Answer 15

skin piercing
- open or closed

direction
- Ex: transverse, linear etc

fracture line
- complete or incomplete

Question 16

what is a fracture evulsion

Answer 16

from pulling: ligament stays in tact, bone breaks off

Question 17

what is a butterfly fracture

Answer 17

it is communated with wings

Question 18

where is the most common placed to get a depressed fracture

Answer 18

skull

Question 19

what is a displaced frcture

Answer 19

out of alignment

Question 20

what is a greenstick fracture

Answer 20

not a complete fracture

Question 21

what is a comminuted fracture

Answer 21

more than 2 peices

Question 22

what is the number one fracture you get in a risk

Answer 22

colles fracture

Question 23

what is ewings sarcoma

Answer 23

malignant neoplasms

rare- boys age 5-15 european

Question 24

what is multiple myeloma

Answer 24

bone marrow plasma cell cancer

Question 25

what is osteosarcoma

Answer 25

found in long bones commonly metastisizes to lungs

Question 26

characteristics of giant cell tumors

Answer 26

found in epiphysis in 20-40 year olds

Question 27

how long does a bone take to heal

Answer 27

8-12 weeks minimum complete- 12 months

Question 28

*5 stages of osteogenesis*

Answer 28

*inflammation cellular proliferation callus formation ossification remodeling*

Question 29

*what does inflammation step do during bone healing*

Answer 29

*hematoma forms*

Question 30

*what happens during cellular proliferation step in bone healing*

Answer 30

*macrophage debridement*

Question 31

*what happens during callus formation step in bone healing*

Answer 31

*bone fragments grow to bridge gap*

Question 32

*what happens during remodeling step of bone healing*

Answer 32

*reabsorption and reforming of the bone*

Question 33

what is pathology of poor bone healing

Answer 33

bone contact doesnt occur poor immobilization of hematoma infection

Question 34

what is avascular necrosis

Answer 34

deficient blood supply

Question 35

what is osteomyelitis

Answer 35

serious bone infection

Question 36

what are the three kinds of unions with bone healing pathology

Answer 36

delayed union nonunion malunion- heals in not right position

Question 37

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 37

increase in preasure in closed cavities injury -> swelling -> gets trapped

Question 38

what do you use to treat compartment syndrome

Answer 38

fasciotomy

Question 39

types of casts

Answer 39

short arm long arm short leg long leg hip spika body jacket

Question 40

what are diagnostic procedures for external fractures

Answer 40

ROM lachman and drawer sulcus test analysis of synovial fluid cultures

Question 41

what does the sulcus test test

Answer 41

ligament stability of shoulder

Question 42

what does the lachman and drawer test test

Answer 42

ligament stability of knee

Question 43

what are some positioning equipment for ortho

Answer 43

foot holder shoulder positioner bean bag: for lateral position beach chair wilson + andrew: for back fracture tables

Question 44

what is the traction bar for (its a positioning device)

Answer 44

used to accomodate knee scopes

Question 45

what are the time margins when a surgeon should be notified for tourniquets

Answer 45

1 hour- arm 1 ½ hour- leg

Question 46

what is traction alignment used for (its a positioning device)

Answer 46

used to immobilize a joint, reduce fracture, and align body part

Question 47

what are the most common lasers used in ortho

Answer 47

Co2 and ND:YAG