Chapter 21 Flashcards

orthopedics (47 cards)

1
Q

two types of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis- degenerative
rheumatoid- autoimmune disease
- fusing of cells, lose ROM

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2
Q

what is a bucket handle tear

A

femur pushes contact with meniscus, comes down on an angle and tears the meniscus

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3
Q

what is osteochondritis dissecans

A

joint mice
loose particles from repeated trauma

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4
Q

what is ganglion of tendon sheath

A

bible cysts
cystic growth most commonly found on dorsum of wrist

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5
Q

what is osteomalacia and osteomyelitis

A

boe softening
bone or bone marrow infection

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6
Q

what are the two types of osteoporosis

A

primary: idiopathic, hormone imbalance

secondary: extensive drug use, inactivity

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7
Q

what is halux valgus

A

inward turning of big toe

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

what is halux varus

A

inward turning of big toe

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10
Q

what is hammer toe

A

abnormal positioning of one of your toes

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11
Q

what are the two types of bunions

A

tailors- pinky toe
normal- big toe

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12
Q

what is coxa vera and coxa vulga

A

vera- inward turning
valga- outward turning

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13
Q

what is talipes varus and talipes valgus

A

varus- ankles inward
valgus- ankles outward

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14
Q

what are the two types of dislocations

A

luxation- all the way out
sublux- partially out of the joint

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15
Q

what are the fracture classifications

A

skin piercing
- open or closed

direction
- Ex: transverse, linear etc

fracture line
- complete or incomplete

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16
Q

what is a fracture evulsion

A

from pulling: ligament stays in tact, bone breaks off

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17
Q

what is a butterfly fracture

A

it is communated with wings

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18
Q

where is the most common placed to get a depressed fracture

A

skull

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19
Q

what is a displaced frcture

A

out of alignment

20
Q

what is a greenstick fracture

A

not a complete fracture

21
Q

what is a comminuted fracture

A

more than 2 peices

22
Q

what is the number one fracture you get in a risk

A

colles fracture

23
Q

what is ewings sarcoma

A

malignant neoplasms

rare- boys age 5-15 european

24
Q

what is multiple myeloma

A

bone marrow plasma cell cancer

25
what is osteosarcoma
found in long bones commonly metastisizes to lungs
26
characteristics of giant cell tumors
found in epiphysis in 20-40 year olds
27
how long does a bone take to heal
8-12 weeks minimum complete- 12 months
28
*5 stages of osteogenesis*
*inflammation cellular proliferation callus formation ossification remodeling*
29
*what does inflammation step do during bone healing*
*hematoma forms*
30
*what happens during cellular proliferation step in bone healing*
*macrophage debridement*
31
*what happens during callus formation step in bone healing*
*bone fragments grow to bridge gap*
32
*what happens during remodeling step of bone healing*
*reabsorption and reforming of the bone*
33
what is pathology of poor bone healing
bone contact doesnt occur poor immobilization of hematoma infection
34
what is avascular necrosis
deficient blood supply
35
what is osteomyelitis
serious bone infection
36
what are the three kinds of unions with bone healing pathology
delayed union nonunion malunion- heals in not right position
37
what is compartment syndrome
increase in preasure in closed cavities injury -> swelling -> gets trapped
38
what do you use to treat compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
39
types of casts
short arm long arm short leg long leg hip spika body jacket
40
what are diagnostic procedures for external fractures
ROM lachman and drawer sulcus test analysis of synovial fluid cultures
41
what does the sulcus test test
ligament stability of shoulder
42
what does the lachman and drawer test test
ligament stability of knee
43
what are some positioning equipment for ortho
foot holder shoulder positioner bean bag: for lateral position beach chair wilson + andrew: for back fracture tables
44
what is the traction bar for (its a positioning device)
used to accomodate knee scopes
45
what are the time margins when a surgeon should be notified for tourniquets
1 hour- arm 1 ½ hour- leg
46
what is traction alignment used for (its a positioning device)
used to immobilize a joint, reduce fracture, and align body part
47
what are the most common lasers used in ortho
Co2 and ND:YAG