Chapter 21/23 wkbk: test 3

Question 1

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule

Answer 1

acinus (acini)

Question 2

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

Answer 2

areola

Question 3

armpit

Answer 3

axilla

Question 4

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with a functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

Answer 4

breast

Question 5

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin

Answer 5

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 6

middle layer of the breast tissue that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portions of the breast

Answer 6

mammary layer

Question 7

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

Answer 7

retromammary layer

Question 8

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

Answer 8

subcutaneous layer

Question 9

normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region

Answer 9

tail of Spence

Question 10

smallest functional portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule containing at least one acinus

Answer 10

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

Question 11

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging

Answer 11

antiradial

Question 12

without symptoms

Answer 12

asymptomatic

Question 13

trademark system created by the American College of Radialogy (ACR) to standardize mammographic reporting terminology, categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy, and facilitate outcome monitoring

Answer 13

breast imaging reporting and data system

Question 14

part of breast cancer screening best done at the end of menses each month

Answer 14

breast self-examination

Question 15

part of breast cancer screening done by a health care provider

Answer 15

clinical breast examination

Question 16

type of breast imaging examination that is more intensive than routine screening mammography

Answer 16

diagnostic breast imaging

Question 17

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation

Answer 17

fremitus

Question 18

near the chest wall

Answer 18

juxtathoracic

Question 19

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

Answer 19

hyperechoic

Question 20

can be felt of clinical examination

Answer 20

palpable

Question 21

echotexture that resembles the surrounding tissue

Answer 21

isoechoic

Question 22

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

Answer 22

radial

Question 23

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

Answer 23

sentinel node

Question 24

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

Answer 24

spiculation

Question 25

cannot be felt on clinical examination

Answer 25

nonpalpable

Question 26

without echoes

Answer 26

anechoic

Question 27

having relatively weak echoes

Answer 27

hypoechoic

Question 28

common diagnostic and interventional procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle

Answer 28

cyst aspiration

Question 29

preventive care that includes annual screening mammography (starting at age 40), monthly breast self-examination, and regular clinical breast examination

Answer 29

breast cancer screening

Question 30

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast

Answer 30

adenosis

Question 31

form of fibrocystic change in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

Answer 31

apocrine metaplasia

Question 32

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

Answer 32

atypical ductal hyperplasia

Question 33

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increased likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

Answer 33

atypical hyperplasia

Question 34

shows some, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

Answer 34

atypical lobular hyperplasia

Question 35

fluid-filled sac of variable size

Answer 35

cyst

Question 36

proliferation (hyperplasia) of epithelial cells lining the terminal duct-lobular unit

Answer 36

epithelial hyperplasia

Question 37

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting primarily of fibrous and epithelial tissue elements

Answer 37

fibroadenoma

Question 38

condition that represents different, essentially normal, tissue processes within the breast that in some patients become

Answer 38

fibrocystic condition

Question 39

surface erosion of the nipple characterized by redness with flaking and crusting caused by direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

Answer 39

Paget's disease

Question 40

descriptive term for skin thinkening of a breast that resembles the skin of an orange

Answer 40

peau d'orange

Question 41

cancer of the ductal epithelium; most common general category of breast cancer, accounting for aprox 85% of all breast cancers

Answer 41

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 42

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU

Answer 42

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

Question 43

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

Answer 43

isoechoic

Question 44

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

Answer 44

lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 45

term preferred by many authors to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

Answer 45

lobular neoplasia

Question 46

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5cm apart

Answer 46

multicentric breast cancer

Question 47

breast cancer occurring in more than one site within the same quadrant of the same ductal system of the breast

Answer 47

multifocal breast cancer

Question 48

involves two main types of cells (ductal and lobular)

Answer 48

breast cancer

Question 49

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

Answer 49

gynecomastia

Question 50

an extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord

Answer 50

cremasteric muscle

Question 51

connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum

Answer 51

ejaculatory ducts

Question 52

anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single, convoluted epididymal tubule

Answer 52

epididymis

Question 53

central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple, thin srptations within the testicle, which are invaginations of the tunica albuginea

Answer 53

mediastinum testis

Question 54

plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins

Answer 54

pampiniform plexus

Question 55

partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis

Answer 55

pudendal artery

Question 56

sac containing the testes and epididymis

Answer 56

scrotum

Question 57

reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder

Answer 57

seminal vesicles

Question 58

multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

Answer 58

septa testis

Question 59

structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

Answer 59

spermatic cord

Question 60

male gonad that produces hormones that include masculine features and spermatozoa

Answer 60

testicle

Question 61

artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery

Answer 61

testicular artery

Question 62

inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle

Answer 62

tunica albuginea

Question 63

membrane consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer lining the inner wall of the scrotum

Answer 63

tunica vaginalis

Question 64

small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis

Answer 64

urethra

Question 65

tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

Answer 65

vas deferens

Question 66

junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

Answer 66

verumontanum

Question 67

terminal intratesticular arteries arising from the capsular arteries

Answer 67

centripetal artery

Question 68

small artery arising from the inferior epigastric artery, which supplies the peritesticular tissue, including the cremasteric muscle

Answer 68

cremasteric artery

Question 69

arises from the vesicle artery and supplies the vas deferens and epididymis

Answer 69

deferential artery

Question 70

terminal ends of the centripetal arteries that curve backward toward the capsule

Answer 70

recurrent rami

Question 71

formed by the pampiniform plexus

Answer 71

testicular vein

Question 72

testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac

Answer 72

cryptorchidism

Question 73

cyst filled with clear, serous fluid located in the epididymis

Answer 73

epididymal cyst

Question 74

blood located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 74

hematocele

Question 75

fluid formed between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 75

hydrocele

Question 76

pus located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 76

pyocele

Question 77

network of the channels formed by the convergence of the straight seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis

Answer 77

rete testis

Question 78

cyst in the vas deferens containing sperm

Answer 78

spermatocele

Question 79

dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return from the testicle

Answer 79

varicocele