Chapter 21

Question 1

Why were the janissaries able to become the most powerful part of the military force?

Answer 1

Control over firearms & artillery

Question 2

What was the tittle given to the head of the ottoman bureaucracy?

Answer 2

Uizear

Question 3

From whom did they face an emerging threat?

Answer 3

West

Question 4

What was the capital of the Safavid empire?

Answer 4

Isfahan

Question 5

What economic benefit did the Ottoman Empire have that Safavid did not?

Answer 5

Trade with non-Muslims

Question 6

What did Abbas the great do to weaken the Safavid empire?

Answer 6

Killed rivals & anyone who could overpower him

Question 7

Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty?

Answer 7

Babuar

Question 8

Why did the Ottoman Empire have trouble choosing a new leader?

Answer 8

No established principle of succession

Question 9

What did the ottomans do after they captured Constantinople?

Answer 9

Restored the city

Question 10

How long did the Ottoman Empire last?

Answer 10

Over 600 years

Question 11

What is a similarity between the ottoman artisans and the artisans in the west?

Answer 11

Organized in guilds

Question 12

What did the religion Din-i-llahi, invented by Akbar, attempt to do?

Answer 12

Blend elements of many faiths

Question 13

What happened to Din-I-llahi after Akbar’s death?

Answer 13

Religion died off, rejected by Hindus & Muslims

Question 14

What was the famous export of the Mughal dynasty?

Answer 14

Cotton textiles

Question 15

What were reasons for the decline of the Mughal dynasty by the reign of Aurangzeb?

Answer 15

Bloated & corrupt bureaucracy

Backward army & declining living standards

Question 16

What did Aurangzeb do to further weaken the empire?

Answer 16

Not tolerate 2 Hindus which led to 2 rebellions

Question 17

What branch of Islam did the ottomans represent?

Answer 17

Sunni

Question 18

What branch of Islam did the Safavid represent?

Answer 18

Shia

Question 19

Why was the battle of Chaldean in 1514 so important?

Answer 19

Checked the first western advance of Shia & Ottoman Turks lost many people

Question 20

What European nation first threatened the ottoman monopoly of trade with east Africa and India?

Answer 20

Portugal

Question 21

On what peninsula was the original base of the Ottoman Turks?

Answer 21

Anatolia (Asia minor)

Question 22

In what year did the Ottomans conquer Constantinople?

Answer 22

1453

Question 23

Even though the ottomans had a powerful navy, what were they unable to prevent?

Answer 23

European intervention in the Indian Ocean

Question 24

Who were the janissaries?

Answer 24

Christian boys taken as slaves to serve in the military

Question 25

Give four reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire:

Answer 25

1. ) local officials kept large amount of tax revenues for themselves 2. ) quality of sultans declined 3. ) Western Europe grew more powerful 4. ) oppressed demands from local officials

Question 26

Give four results of the loss of the Ottomans monopoly over the Indian spice trade:

Answer 26

1. ) Spices enriched Christian empires 2. ) loss of revenue 3. ) out of date Muslim fleets 4. ) internal unrest under Ottoman rule

Question 27

Why did the janissaries frustrate reforms within the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 27

They wanted to attain their military position

Question 28

Give four accomplishments of Babur:

Answer 28

1. ) Fine military strategics 2. ) wrote 1 of the great history of India 3. ) fine musician 4. ) established the Mughal Dynasty

Question 29

Give four accomplishments of Akbar:

Answer 29

1. ) patronized arts 2. ) expanded Mughal conquest 3. ) encouraged intermarriage between Hinduism & Muslims 4. ) oversaw military & administrative system