Chapter 21: Carboxylic Derivatives Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
A
- carboxylic acid
2
Q
A
- acid chloride
3
Q
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- anyhdride
4
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- ester
5
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- amide
6
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A
- Nitrile
7
Q
Reactivity of COOH derivatives differs from that of ketones and aldehydes because ____
A
- built in leaving group allows carbonyl to reform
8
Q
Rate the reactivities of COOH derivatives
A
9
Q
How to make acid chlorides
A
10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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A
16
Q
Making anhydrides:
A
17
Q
A
18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
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A
21
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A
22
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23
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24
Q
Two-step ester synthesis:
A
25
Fischer Esterification (one-step ester synthesis)
26
Hydrolyzing Esters
27
If a molecule contains both a ___ and a ___ it can undergo intramolecular fishcer esterification.
- an OH and a COOH
28
Making Amides:
29
Hydrolysis of amides:
30
Nitriles are still considered COOH derivatives because \_\_\_
* same oxidation state as other COOH derivatives
* meaning its carbon is also attached in three ways to a heteroatom
31
Making Nitriles:
* Sn2- so only primary or secondary alkyl halides
32
Hydration of Nitriles:
* In acid cataliyzed mechanism- all intermediates must be + or nuetral
* In base catalyzed mechanism- all intermediated must be - or nuetral
