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Honors Microbiology > Chapter 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

List all of the normal microbiota found in the skin

A
  • gram-positive bacteria
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus
    Staphylococci, Micrococci, Corynebacterium and Propionibacteria
  • Actinobacteria (51.8%), Firmicutes (24.4%), Proteobacteria (16.5%), and Bacteroidetes (6.3%).
  • Propionibacterium acnes- acne-causing bacteria
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2
Q

how microbiota of the skin can invade the body

A

an open wound: bacteria can enter the body and cause disease

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3
Q

Chicken Pox: Symptoms/causative agents

A
  • small, pus-filled lesions for 3-4 days located in the face, beck, back, chest and shoulders
  • rupture and scab then heal
  • caused by varicella zoster which remains latent in the body in nerve cells near the spine and can cause shingles later on in life
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4
Q

Measles: Symptoms/causative agents

A
  • transmitted via the upper respiratory tract
  • caused by the rubella virus
  • symptoms resemble a common cold and a rash appears on face trunk and extremities
  • incubation 10-12 days but is almost eliminated in the U.S due to MMR vaccin
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5
Q

Acne: Symptoms/causative agents

A
  • caused by cells shedding higher than normal and mixes with sebum to clog pores and hair follicle
  • inflammatory acne caused by Propionibacterium acnes
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6
Q

Herpes Virus: Symptoms/Causative Agents

A
  • caused by herpes simplex virus
  • HSV1 is transmitted orally or via respiratory tract and causes cold sores
  • HSV2 is transmitted sexually and causes genital herpes
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7
Q

Roseola: Symptoms/ Causative Agents

A
  • mild common childhood disease
  • high fever followed by a rash over body
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8
Q

Shingles: Symptoms/Causative agents

A
  • caused by the varicella-zoster virus
  • after primary infection, the virus enters ganglion nerve cells in the spine and can be triggered by stress or lower immunity
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9
Q

Buruli ulcer: Symptoms/Causative agents

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • massive and damaging ulcer
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10
Q

Keratitis: Symptoms/causative agents

A
  • Acanthamoeba or herpes simplex virus 1
  • inflammation of cornea
  • symptoms include red eyes, pain, irritation, vision changes, eye discharge
  • viral but is most likely to be treated using antivirals
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11
Q

Otitis externa: Symptoms/causative agents

A
  • pseudomonas
  • swimmers ear
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12
Q

What can be done to prevent acne

A
  • topical agents with benzoyl peroxide
  • antibiotics
  • isotretinoin for serious cases of nodular cystic acne
  • cutting out fatty foods DOES NOT treat acne
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13
Q

what causes warts?

A

viral infection - paillomavirus

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14
Q

Koplik spots are an indicator of what disease?

A

measles

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15
Q

What diseases are caused by Candida albicans?

A
  • thruth and vaginitis
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16
Q

What diases causes the most blindness in the world?

A

trachoma

17
Q

what causes ringworm?

A
  • mycosis (fungal disease)
  • microsporum and epidermophyton
18
Q

Why are newborn babies treated with an antibiotic at bith?

A

It’s a routine precaution for opthalmia neonatorum which is transmitted to newborns when the mother has gonorrhea

19
Q

what are some possible complications of chicken pox?

A
  • can lead to shingles because the varicella zoster can remain latent in the body’s ganglion nerve cells
  • scratching of the skin can lead to other microbiota entering the skin via open wounds
20
Q

Bacteria normally colonize the skin. Which region of skin hosts the largest bacterial population?

A

armpits

21
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for what diseases? List them.

A
  • Minor Skin infections: boils, carbuncles, impetigo
  • Life-threatening diseases: pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis
22
Q

What are the possible causative agents of conjunctivitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae,
Chlamydia trachomatis
adenoviruses

23
Q

Are there any similarities between German measles and measles?

A
  • both transmitted by the respiratory route
  • both can be prevented by vaccination
24
Q

Herpes simplex 1 causes numerous diseases. List them.

A

cold sores
roseola
keratitis
do NOT CAUSE CANKER SORES

25
Q

What causes scabies? How is it transmitted?

A

caused by a mite that burrows under the skin transmit by fomites

26
Q

What causes the Buruli ulcers?

A
  • caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans which can enter through the skin through an open wound or insect bite
  • acid-fast bacteria.
27
Q

Whcih bacteria causes acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

Honors Microbiology (7 decks)

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