Chapter 21 Questions

Question 1

the many and varied groups of population and culture

Answer 1

Heterogeneous society

Question 2

Population of minorities compared to majority?

Of gender?

Answer 2

Increasing growth rate of minorities and immigration

Women now outnumber men

Question 3

What key aspect of African American population in US makes them an important focus?

Answer 3

1. They suffered discrimination longer than other minorities (slavey)
2. Second largest minority group
3. Most gains in civil rights bc of black people

Question 4

1. What happens to Native Americans since the arrival of Europeans?
2. What are reservations?
3. What are some problems on the reservations?

Answer 4

1. Significant decline due to disease and moving but followed by recovery in last century
2. Public lands set aside for native Americans
3. Poverty, unemployment, alcohol/drug abuse, low education levels, lower life expectancy

Question 5

Largest minority group?

Answer 5

Hispanics (>50million)

Question 6

4 subdivisions of Hispanics?

Answer 6

1. Mexican American
2. Puerto Rican
3. Cuban American
4. South/Central American

Question 7

When people of one culture merge into another.

An example of this?

Answer 7

• assimilation

- Asian have been most adept

Question 8

Immigrantion law that ended Chinese immigration to U.S., excluded immigration of laborers, required any Chinese who left the U.S. and returned later to get certifications to reenter. Denied citizenship to any Chinese still in US; later amendment requested Chinese in US to get a certificate of residency of Cade deportation

Answer 8

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Question 9

What happened to Japanese Americans during WWII?

Answer 9

Sent to relocation camps

Question 10

Significance of July 19, 1848

Answer 10

Seneca falls convention for women’s rights

Question 11

Anything familiar from the Declaration of Sentiments?

Answer 11

Modeled the Declaration of Independance

Question 12

Employers must pay women and men the same if they perform same jobs under same conditions
Been updated by Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (changed statue of limitations rules on filing discrimination claims)

Answer 12

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Question 13

Women putting careers on hold to have kids and reduce hours to raise kids

Answer 13

Mommy Track

Question 14

Invisible barrier women face in workplace; not official discrimination but keeps people down anyway

Answer 14

Glass Ceiling

Question 15

Clause in 14th Amendment that prevents states from treating citizens different based on characteristics
Cannot draw unreasonable disctintioms between classes of persons

Answer 15

Equal Protection Clause

Question 16

Who was the Equal Protection Clause intended for?

Answer 16

The States, but now applies to National level (reverse incorporation)

Question 17

Early standard for determine equal protection questions

Does Classification bear a reasonable relationship to achieve if a proper give purpose?

Answer 17

Rational basis test

Question 18

What two conditions in the Strict Scrutiny test applied?

Answer 18

1. Fundament rights in question (voting, travel, property ownership)
2. Discrimination based on suspect classifications (race, gender, ethnicity, nationality)

Question 19

What criteria must govt action meet in order to pass scrict scrutiny

Answer 19

A compelling govt interest
Narrowly tailored policy
Least restrictive means

Question 20

Laws aimed to discriminate based on race (segregation)

Answer 20

Jim Crow Laws

Question 21

How did States prevent intervention after Brown decision?

Answer 21

State laws and actions difficult to fight in court

Question 22

Segregation authorized by law

Answer 22

De Jure segregation

Question 23

Segregation that exists w/ no law enforcing it; much more difficult to deal with; housing patterns in cities, schools that result

Answer 23

De Facto

Question 24

Law forbidding interracial marriage

Answer 24

Miscegenation law

Question 25

Where is it illegal to discrimination based on race?

Answer 25

Schools, public venues, pristine and local transport

Question 26

What can women NOT be discriminated against?

Answer 26

Jury duty, citizen-solider programs, different age of majority, denial of employment benefits due to pregnancy, prison guards (in female facilities)

Question 27

What can women be treats differently bc of gender?

Answer 27

Prison guard in all male facility, tax exemption for widows, the draft

Question 28

What reasons cam laws based on sex be upheld?

Answer 28

1. Serve an important governmental objective | 2. Substantial relates o achieving a goal

Question 29

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 29

1) . Title 2 - No discrimination in public places 2) . Title 6 - No discrimination in places that receive federal funding (schools) includes sex 3) . Title 7 - No discrimination of employer or labor union based on race also includes age and sex

Question 30

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Answer 30

No one can refuse to sell/rent dwelling based on race, color, religion, etc. Justice Department handles all claims of violation and can initiate suits

Question 31

What is Title 9?

Answer 31

Forbids gender discrimination. | School sports benefit the most

Question 32

Taking positive steps to remedy past discriminations. A program. Targeted at federal contractors

Answer 32

Affirmative action

Question 33

Discrimination against majority

Answer 33

Reverse discrimination

Question 34

What state ended affirmative action?

Answer 34

California

Question 35

All affirmative actions cases have to be reviewed under----?

Answer 35

Strict scrutiny

Question 36

One who owes allie games to US and is entitled protections

Answer 36

Citizen

Question 37

Citizenship defined where?

Answer 37

14th Amendment

Question 38

Law of soil; where you were born

Answer 38

Jus soli

Question 39

Law of blood; citizenship based on who parents are

Answer 39

Jus sanguinis

Question 40

Legal process to become a citizen

Answer 40

Naturalization

Question 41

Who is involved with naturalization process?

Answer 41

Congress, U.S. citizenship and immigration services and Judaical system

Question 42

Criteria for naturalization?

Answer 42

- 18 years old - enter legally and lived here for 5 years - filed petition - be literate in English - be of good moral character - have knowledge of history and forms of govt in US - take an oath renouncing foreign citizenship and pledging support to US

Question 43

Voluntary forfeiture of citizenship

Answer 43

Expatriation

Question 44

Naturalized citizens have citizenship revoked

Answer 44

Denaturalization

Question 45

Who has power to limit immigration

Answer 45

Congress

Question 46

First immigration restriction in America?

Answer 46

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Question 47

Immigration Acts of 1921-24 and National Origins Act of 1929 did what?

Answer 47

Made country based quotas in Europe; prohibited immigrants from other parts of world

Question 48

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 did—?

Answer 48

Extended quota limits to all countries outside Western Hemisphere; moved to regions based quotas; est. 3 categories: - skills set - avg. immigrants 270,000 a year - refugees

Question 49

Immigration Act of 1965

Answer 49

Elimjmeated country based quotas and gave preference to relatives of citizens and skill-based aliens

Question 50

Process of removing an alien from country

Answer 50

Deportation

Question 51

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986?

Answer 51

1. Established 1 year amnesty program | 2. Criminalizes hiring of illegal immigrants

Question 52

Illegal Immigrations Restrictions Act of 1996

Answer 52

1. Eased deportation of illegals 2. Toughened penalties for smugglers 3. Prevented aliens from receiving social security/public housing 4. Gave state welfare workers ability to check backgrounds 5. Double border patrol