Chapter 21- Schizophrenia Spectrum

Question 1

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 1

• Delusions- fixed false beliefs that are held despite evidence to the contrary
• Hallucinations- hearing voices or seeing things that are not real but seem very real to the person experiencing them

Question 2

What are emotional symptoms of schizophrenia?

2pts

Answer 2

• Blunted affect, reduced expression of emotions

Question 3

What are cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?

4pts

Answer 3

Delusions, disorganized thinking, difficulty with attention and memory

Question 4

What are the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia?

3pts

Answer 4

Hallucinations, disorganized behavior (childlike silliness, poor hygiene, talking to oneself, laughing, smiling, disheveled, unpredictable and untriggered agitation), social withdrawal

Question 5

What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

5pts

Answer 5

• Asociality- decreased interest in forming close relationships with others or reduced social activity
• Avolition: apathy
• Anhedonia
• Blunted affect: lack of outward expression of emotion
• Alogia: significant reduction in amount of speech

Question 6

If this diagnosis is left untreated/does not improve, what can the new diagnosis be?

Answer 6

• Individuals initially diagnosed with MDD with psychotic features can later be diagnoses with schizophrenia

Question 7

What are interventions for schizophrenia?

Answer 7

Antipsychotic medications:
-neuroleptics
- Atypical antipsychotics medications

Adjunctive treatment:
CBT, supportive therapy, family therapy, social skills training

Question 7

What is the prevalence?

Answer 7

schizophrenia is higher in men than women

Question 8

What are the 4 stages of schizophrenia?

1.
* First signs and symptoms before emergence of positive symptoms
* Often overlooked (e.g., social withdrawal, lack of motivation, sleep
disturbance, neglecting personal hygiene, unexplained functional decline)
* About 75% of of individuals who develop schizophrenia report a decline in
school function and social withdrawal as prodromal symptoms
* Early identification of those at risk provides opportunity for early,
preventive interventions

2. • Full threshold disorder (i.e., delusions, hallucinations, paranoia)
   • Obvious to others
   • First episode psychosis- first time a person experiences psychotic
     symptoms; acting quickly with proper treatment results in recovery
3. • Incomplete remission
   • Risk for recurrence and relapse

4pts

Answer 8

1. Pre-psychotic or prodromal stage
2. Active stage
3. Residual
4. Severe and persistent

Question 9

What type of hallucinations are most common?

Answer 9

Auditory hallucinations (usually voices)

Question 10

Often comorbid with…

Answer 10

substance use disorders

Question 11

• Brain and BLANK dysfunction- BLANK & BLANK
• Brain BLANK
• Brain BLANK
  BLANK can cause psychosis by increasing a person’s
  existing vulnerability to psychosis

Answer 11

• neurotransmitter, dopamine, serotonin
• abnormalities
• connectivity
• cannabis