Chapter 21-Toxicology

Question 1

Define Toxicology

Answer 1

the study of toxic or poisonous substances

Question 2

Define poison

Answer 2

A substance whose chemical action can damage body structures or hinder body functions

Question 3

Define toxin

Answer 3

A poisonous substance that is naturally produced by a plant, animal, or bacteria

Question 4

Define substance abuse

Answer 4

The misuse of any substance for a desired effect

Question 5

Define overdose

Answer 5

The lethal or toxic dose of a substance

Question 6

What six questions do you ask during SAMPLE if you suspect toxins are involved?

Answer 6

What did you take
When did you take it
How much did you take
Did you eat or drink before or after
Have you taken an antidote
How much do you weigh

Question 7

What are some clues that may be present at the scene and an indication of intoxication?

Answer 7

overturned bottle
needle or syringe
scattered pills
chemicals
overturned or damaged plants

Question 8

What are opioids?

Answer 8

CNS depressants designed for pain relief

Question 9

What are opiates?

Answer 9

nonsynthetic opioids

Question 10

What are some opioids?

Answer 10

Heroin, methadone, oxycodon

Question 11

What are some opiates?

Answer 11

morphine, codeine

Question 12

What are the signs and symptoms of someone who has taken opioids/opiates?

Answer 12

Hypoventilation or respiratory arrest
pin point pupils
sedation/coma
Hypotension

Question 13

What is a narcotic and what class of drugs falls into this category?

Answer 13

Drugs that affect the behavior or mood, inducing sleepiness; opioids

Question 14

What is the antidote for opioids?

Answer 14

Naloxon (brand name: narcan)

Question 15

What are sympathomimetics?

Answer 15

Drugs that simulate the sympathetic response (fight or flight)

Question 16

What are some examples of sympathomimetics?

Answer 16

Epinephrine, albuterol, cocaine, meth

Question 17

What are some symptoms of sympathomimetic abuse?

Answer 17

Hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, seizures/agitation, hyperthermia

Question 18

What are some examples of sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Answer 18

Diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam

Question 19

What are some symptoms of sedative-hypnotic drug use?

Answer 19

Slurred speech, sedation/coma, hypoventilation, hypotension

Question 20

What are anticholinergics?

Answer 20

Drugs that block the parasympathetic nerves

Question 21

What are some examples of anticholinergics?

Answer 21

atropine, diphenylhydramine, doxylamine, jimsonweed

Question 22

What are symptoms of anticholinergic use?

Answer 22

Hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, dry skin, sedation/coma, decreased bowel sounds

Question 23

What are cholinergics?

Answer 23

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system

Question 24

What are some examples of cholinergics?

Answer 24

Organophosphate, nerve gas, pilocarpine

Question 25

What are symptoms of cholinergic use?

Answer 25

``` SLUDGEM Salivation/sweating Lacrimation Urination Diarrhea, defecation, drooling GI pain Emesis Muscle spasms/miosis ```

Question 26

What are the four ways for a poison to enter the body?

Answer 26

Inhaled, absorbed, ingested, injected

Question 27

What is the treatment for inhaled poisons?

Answer 27

``` Move patient to fresh air Give O2 Call HazMat Remove clothing to release trapped gas Prompt transport ```

Question 28

What are the signs and symptoms of inhaled poison?

Answer 28

``` Burning eyes Sore throat Cough Chest pain Hoarseness Wheezing/stridor Respiratory distress Dizziness/confusion/AMS Seizures ```

Question 29

What are two toxic gases that people use to commit suicide?

Answer 29

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide

Question 30

How do you treat absorbed poisons?

Answer 30

``` Remove contaminated clothing Brush off powder Then rinse with water for 15-20 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Irrigate eyes Obtain MSDS sheet ```

Question 31

Signs and symptoms of absorbed poison?

Answer 31

Burn/rash/lesion Itching Liquid/powder on skin Odors of the substance

Question 32

How do you treat ingested poisons?

Answer 32

Call medical and poison control ABC Altered charcoal Prompt transport

Question 33

Signs and symptoms of ingested poisons?

Answer 33

``` Burns around mouth GI pain/vomiting AMS Cardiac dysrhythmias Seizures ```

Question 34

How do you treat injected poisons?

Answer 34

Monitor airway and give O2 Remove jewelry from site of sting if swollen Prompt transport Bring all bottles/containers from scene

Question 35

What is the phone number for poison control?

Answer 35

1-800-222-1222

Question 36

What is the most common route for poisons?

Answer 36

Ingested (80%)

Question 37

What is DT?

Answer 37

Delerium Tremens, 1-7 days after a chronic drinker stops consuming alcohol, they will experience withdrawal-like symptoms

Question 38

What are the symptoms associated with DT?

Answer 38

``` Agitation/restlessness Fever Sweating Tremors Confusion Seizures ```

Question 39

What types of shock can result from DT?

Answer 39

Hypovolemic shock because of excessive sweating

Question 40

What class of drugs results in quick development of tolerance?

Answer 40

Opioids

Question 41

What is another words for bath salts?

Answer 41

Synthetic Cathinones

Question 42

What chemical do bath salts contain?

Answer 42

methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

Question 43

What are brand names of synthetic cathinones?

Answer 43

Ivory Wave, Cloud Nine

Question 44

What are the desired effects of bath salts?

Answer 44

euphoria, heightened mental status, sexual arousal

Question 45

What are the adverse side effects of synthetic cathinones?

Answer 45

Teeth grinding, loss of appetite, muscle twitching, lip-smacking, confusion, GI pain, paranoia, headache, tachycardia, hallucinations

Question 46

What do hallucinogens do?

Answer 46

Alter sensory perceptions

Question 47

How do you know if someone on a hallucinogen is having a bad trip?

Answer 47

Tachycardia, hypertension, paranoia, anxiety

Question 48

The physiological effects of hallucinogens are similar to those of_____

Answer 48

Sympathomimetics

Question 49

Pesticide poisoning falls under the category of what drug?

Answer 49

Cholinergics (SLUDGEM)