Chapter 25-Bleeding

Question 1

What is the diameter of a capillary?

Answer 1

One red blood cell

Question 2

Venules become veins which meet and enter the heart via the _____

Answer 2

inferior and superior vena cavae

Question 3

What does blood clot formation depend on?

Answer 3

blood stasis, changes in blood vessel walls, and the blood’s ability to clot

Question 4

How is the constriction and dilation of vessels controlled?

Answer 4

Autonomic nervous system

Question 5

Where is blood directed during an emergency?

Answer 5

The heart, lungs, brain, and kidneys

Question 6

Define external bleeding

Answer 6

Visible hemorrhage

Question 7

How many mL of blood per kg are there in the average male?

Answer 7

70 mL/kg

Question 8

How many mL of blood per kg are there in the average female?

Answer 8

65 mL/kg

Question 9

How much blood loss can the body tolerate?

Answer 9

up to 20% but no more

Question 10

What are signs of increased blood loss?

Answer 10

Decreased BP, increased, HR, increased respiratory rate

Question 11

About how much blood is there in an average infant?

Answer 11

800 mL

Question 12

How much blood loss can an infant’s body compensate for?

Answer 12

100-200 mL

Question 13

Of the three different types of bleeds, which ones are more likely to clot?

Answer 13

Venous and capillary

Question 14

After how long does bleeding usually end on its own?

Answer 14

10 min

Question 15

What mechanisms are at play that allow for bleeding to stop on its own?

Answer 15

Clotting and vasoconstriction at the site of vessel damage

Question 16

What factors affect clotting?

Answer 16

Movement, disease, medications, removal of bandages, environment, and body temperature

Question 17

What is the name for the disease in which clotting mechanisms are absent?

Answer 17

Hemophilia

Question 18

What do you address first ABCs or bleeding?

Answer 18

ABCs assuming the bleeding isn’t extreme

Question 19

What are the three methods for controlling bleeding?

Answer 19

Direct pressure
pressure bandage
tourniquet

Question 20

Should you elevate the injury?

Answer 20

Not necessarily, it isn’t as effective as previously thought and it may worsen other injuries

Question 21

What is the only situation in which you should remove a penetrating object?

Answer 21

If it’s obstructing the airway

Question 22

How long do you apply direct pressure for?

Answer 22

5 min

Question 23

What should you check after applying a pressure bandage?

Answer 23

that you can still feel a distal pulse

Question 24

What are two additional measures you can take in addition to pressure/tourniquet?

Answer 24

Keep warm and lay in supine position

Question 25

What are the two forms of hemostatic agents?

Answer 25

Granular powder and gauze with a clay on it

Question 26

What are some different types of commercial tourniquets?

Answer 26

MAT, SWAT, CAT, and RMT

Question 27

After applying a tourniquet what are two things you should check?

Answer 27

There's no distal pulse and you wrote down what time the tourniquet was applied

Question 28

What are DO NOTs regarding tourniquets?

Answer 28

- Don't apply over joint - Don't remove once applied - Don't cover with a bandage - Don't use wire/rope/thin materials

Question 29

What is the function of air/soft splint?

Answer 29

They control both internal and external bleeding and immobilize fractures.

Question 30

What is epitaxis?

Answer 30

Nosebleed

Question 31

What are common causes of epitaxis?

Answer 31

digitla trauma hypertension head trauma

Question 32

What should you NOT do for epitaxis or facial bleeding?

Answer 32

Apply strong pressure

Question 33

When treating facial/head bleeds, what should you look for?

Answer 33

Cerebrospinal fluid on the gauze