Chapter 22

Question 1

Aura

Answer 1

a set of sensory disturbances that some people experience before a migraine headache or a seizure

Question 2

diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

chronic medical condition characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (sugar)

Question 3

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 3

complication of diabetes mellitus, most commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe shortage of insulin, leading to the body breaking down fat for energy

Question 4

Epilepsy

Answer 4

neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures

Question 5

Generalized seizure

Answer 5

type of seizure that involves widespread electrical activity throughout the entire brain. Unlike focal seizures, which originate in a specific area of the brain, generalized seizures affect both hemispheres of the brain from the onset

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

primary source of energy for cells in the body

Question 7

Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

high levels of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream

Question 8

Hypoglycemia

Answer 8

occurs when blood glucose (sugar) levels drop below normal levels, typically below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

Question 9

Insulin

Answer 9

hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach, gets glucose to the cells

Question 10

Partial seizure

Answer 10

type of seizure that originates in a specific area of the brain rather than affecting the entire brain

Question 11

Postictal seizure

Answer 11

the period following a seizure

Question 12

Seizure

Answer 12

sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or levels of consciousness

Question 13

Status epilepticus

Answer 13

medical emergency characterized by prolonged or continuous seizures without a return to normal consciousness between episodes or one seizure lasting over ten minutes

Question 14

Stroke

Answer 14

when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to damage or death of brain cells

Question 15

Syncope

Answer 15

Fainting

Question 16

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 16

A two phase seizure, the first tonic phase the patient stiffens, the clonic phase they jerk around

Question 17

Three things the brain needs

Answer 17

Oxygen, glucose, water

Question 18

What has symptoms of fruity smelling breath?

Answer 18

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 19

Which glycemic emergencies onset fast and which slow

Answer 19

hyperglycemia has a slower onset, hypoglycemia has a rapid onset

Question 20

How will the skin of hyper and hypoglycemic patients compare?

Answer 20

Hyperglycemic patient will have warm, red, dry skin. Hypoglycemic patients will have pale, moist, and clammy skin

Question 21

What is the phase of a seizure where convulsions stop

Answer 21

Postictal

Question 22

What is a seizure of unknown cause called

Answer 22

Idiopathic

Question 23

Vagus nerve stimulator

Answer 23

delivers regular, mild electrical pulses to the left vagus nerve. These electrical pulses are thought to modulate abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can trigger seizures

Question 24

Most common cause of seizure in infants/children

Answer 24

High fevers or sudden rise in temperature

Question 25

Ischemic vs hemorrhagic seizure

Answer 25

Ischemic is caused by blockage, hemorrhagic is caused by bleeding

Question 26

Aphasia

Answer 26

Difficulty communicating

Question 27

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 27

Mini stroke which complete symptom resolution within 24 hours

Question 28

Cincinnati pre hospital stroke scale

Answer 28

Facial droop, arm drift, speech

Question 29

What are normal glucose levels

Answer 29

Less than 140 mg/dl

Question 30

Hyper vs hypoglycemic

Answer 30

Hyper refers to higher than normal blood glucose levels, and hypo refers to lower than normal