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A+P 2 > CHAPTER 22 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 22 Flashcards

1
Q

lymph vessel vs lymphatic vessels

A

lymph vessels are any vessel of the lymphatic system. lymphatic vessel refers specifically to the vessels between the lymphatic capillaries and lymphatic trunks.

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2
Q

MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, in small intestine

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3
Q

lymphoid structures are organized into

A

primary lymphoid structures, secondary lymphoid structures

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4
Q

How much interstitial fluid is absorbed back into lymphatic capillaries?

A

3 L

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4
Q

lymph originates as

A

interstitial fluid

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4
Q

components of lymph

A

water, dissolved solutes, a small amount of protein, debris, pathogens, metastasized cancer cells

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5
Q

smallest lymph vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic capillaries located within the GI tract that can absorb lipid soluble vitamins that are unable to enter the blood directly

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7
Q

red bone marrow : primary or secondary lymphoid structure

A

primary

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8
Q

red bone marrow function in lymphatic system

A

site of B-lymphocyte maturation

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9
Q

thymus : primary or secondary lymphoid structure

A

primary

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10
Q

thymus function in lymphatic system

A

site of T-lymphocyte maturation and differentiation

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11
Q

lymph node : primary or secondary lymphoid structure

A

secondary

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12
Q

lymph node function

A

filter lymph, site where immune response is initiated against a substance in the lymph

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13
Q

spleen : primary or secondary lymhpoid structure

A

secondary

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14
Q

spleen function in lymphatic system

A

filters blood, site where immune response is initiated against a substance in the blood. removes aged erythrocytes and platelets, serves as erythrocyte and platelet reservoir.

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15
Q

tonsils : primary or secondary lymphoid structure

A

secondaryt

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16
Q

tonsils function

A

protect against inhaled and ingested substances

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17
Q

lymphoid nodules

A

secondary

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18
Q

lymphoid nodules function

A

protect body organs against foreign substances.

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19
Q

MALT : primary or secondary lymphoid structure

A

secondary

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20
Q

MALT function

A

protects mucosal membranes against foreign substances

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21
Q

Where are the lymphoid nodules?

A

every body organ and wall of the appendix

22
Q

Unlike the other formed elements, T-lymphocytes must migrate to ______ to complete their maturation

A

thymus

23
Q

bilobed lymphoid organ that is most prominent in children

A

thymus

24
Q

the thymus in a child consists of two fused

A

thymic lobes

25
Q

thymic lobes are surrounded by

A

a connective tissue capsule

26
Q

True or false: each lobule of the thymus has a cortex and medulla

A

true

27
Q

What does the cortex of a thymic lobule contain?

A

immature T lymphocytes

28
Q

What does the medulla of a thymic lobule contain?

A

mature T-lymphocytes

29
Q

The epithelial cells of the thymus secrete

A

thymulin

30
Q

Because the thymus contains both lymphoid cells and epithelial tissue, it is described as a

A

lymphoepithelial

31
Q

How are lymphoid organs and lymphoid nodules differentiated?

A

the presence or absence of a fibrous capsule. A complete capsule is present in lymphoid organs. it is incomplete or absent in lymphoid nodules and other lymphoid structures.

32
Q

small, round or oval enapsulated structures located along the pathways of lymphatic vessels

A

lymph nodes

33
Q

lymph nodes size

A

0.1 to 2.5

34
Q

how many lymph nodes do we have

A

500 to 700

35
Q

vessels conducting lymph into lymph nodes

A

afferent lymphatic vessels push it through, usually one efferent lymphatic vessel drain it

36
Q

Each lymphoid nodule within the lymph node is composed of reticular fibers which support an innner

A

germinal center

37
Q

the spleen lacks a cortex and a medulla. instead it has areas of

A

white and red pulp

38
Q

White pulp consists of

A

spherical clusters of T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages that surround a central artery

39
Q

red pulp consists of

A

erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, B-lymphocytes

40
Q

The cells in red pulp are housed in reticular connective tissue and form structures called

A

splenic cords (cords of Bilroth)

41
Q

splenic sinusoid

A

very permeable capillaries that have an incomplete basement membrane, so formed elements can easily enter and exit across the vessel wall

42
Q

red pulp of the spleen serves as a

A

blood reservoir

43
Q

malignant neoplasm that develops within lymphoid structures

A

lymphoma

44
Q

lymphoma characterized by presence of the Reed-Sternberg cell

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

45
Q

which is more common, hodgkins or non hodgkins lymphoma?

A

non hodgkins

46
Q

dendritic cells

A

specialized phagocytic cells that are formed in bone marrow and housed both epithelial and connective tissue of the skin and mucosal membranes

47
Q

largest lymphoid organ in the human body

A

spleen

48
Q

Where are 30% of all platelets stored?

A

spleen

49
Q

During fetal development through the fifth month, the spleen also engages in the production of formed elements, a function that will be performed by the red bone marrow after birth. This function remains latent but can be reactivated under certain conditions. What is it called when the spleen turns back on?

A

extramedullary hematopopoiesis

50
Q

Tonsils have invaginated outer edges called

A

tonsillar crypts

51
Q

What is the purpose of a tonsillar crypt?

A

to increase the tonsil’s surface area and to trap material.

52
Q

scattered lymphoid nodules are refferred to as

A

diffuse lymphoid tissue

53
Q

Where can we find diffuse lymphoid tissue?

A

EVERYWHERE

54
Q
A

A+P 2 (8 decks)

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