Chapter 2.2

Question 1

True/False: Glial cells play a mostly supportive roll.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the function of glial cells?

Answer 2

They guide neurons to where they need to go in order to communicate information between different parts of the brain. They are also responsible for removing dead neurons, providing structural support between neurons (scaffold), myeline production.

Question 3

What is the brains primary immune responders?

Answer 3

Microglia

Question 4

If there are toxic/foreign substances in the brain, what gets rid of them?

Answer 4

Microglia

Question 5

What cell type is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders?

Answer 5

Microglia

Question 6

True/False: There are not enough activation of the microglia in someone who exhibits Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s.

Answer 6

False, there is too much activity.

Question 7

In a neurodegenerative disorder, what do the microglia do?

Answer 7

find injured neurons and strip away synapses

Question 8

True/false: Microglia play a role in the developing brain.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True/False: the brain begins with more synapses than it needs.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is synaptogensis?

Answer 10

The developing brain making connections

Question 11

What is it called when a developing brain eliminates connections?

Answer 11

Pruning

Question 12

Microglia are ___ the brain by eliminating unwanted connections.

Answer 12

sculpting

Question 13

True/False: Microglia produce disturbances in the brain.

Answer 13

False; Microglia sense and remove disturbances in the brain

Question 14

Increased microglial activation is associated in individuals with ______.

Answer 14

schizophrenia

Question 15

What do the microglia do when the brain is exposed to injury or disease?

Answer 15

They eat up the remains of dying cells

Question 16

What are the protein clumps called that are associated with Alzheimer’s?

Answer 16

beta-amyloid deposits

Question 17

True/False: There is an abundance of microglia in patients who exhibit alzheimers.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the four stage model of information processing?

Answer 18

Detect (PNS)
Recognize (CNS)
Decide (CNS)
Execute (PNS)

Question 19

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 19

PNS, CNS

Question 20

What is the CNS made of?

Answer 20

Brain and nervous system

Question 21

What is the PNS made of?

Answer 21

All of the neurons that come off the spinal cord and brain

Question 22

What division controls detection?

Answer 22

PNS

Question 23

What division controls your ability to recognize?

Answer 23

CNS

Question 24

What division controls your ability to decide?

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

What division controls your ability to execute/act?

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 26

31

Question 27

Where are the spinal nerves located?

Answer 27

They run from the top of the brain stem down along the spinal cord

Question 28

What is the function of the spinal nerves?

Answer 28

They bring information in from the environment and then send information back to the nerves to activate a muscle or a motor response

Question 29

Where do the spinal nerves enter and exit?

Answer 29

Spinal nerves enter and exit at each vertebra of the spinal column

Question 30

What are the two types of nerves that enter and exit the vertebra?

Answer 30

sensory nerve and a motor nerve

Question 31

Information from the face reaches the brain via ____________.

Answer 31

Cranial Nerves

Question 32

Where are the cranial nerves located?

Answer 32

On the underside of the brain called the medulla

Question 33

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 33

12 pairs

Question 34

How are the cranial nerves special?

Answer 34

Rather than coming from the spinal cord, they come to/from the underbelly of the brain called the medulla

Question 35

Where is the medulla?

Answer 35

connects the spinal cord and the brain

Question 36

What is the function of the medulla?

Answer 36

controls vital functions and reflexes such as respiration and heart rate. also houses the RAS

Question 37

What is the RAS and what is its function?

Answer 37

reticular activating system; important for overall arousal and attention and the sleep-wake cycle