Chapter 22

Question 0

Piedmont

Answer 0

Northern Italian kingdom Sardenia kept liberal constitution adopted during 1848 revolution, welcomed political refugees from other Italian states

Question 1

Risorgimento

Answer 1

Italian term beginning late 18th century for political and cultural renewal of Italy later associated with Italian unification

Question 2

Camille Di Cavour

Answer 2

Main character in unification of Italy; aristocrat; had on Army - decided to send troops to fight for France

At peace conference asks Napoleon to kick Olistra out in exchange for land

Question 3

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 3

In chafe of south - Lead redshirts to secure yourself

Question 4

Napoleon III

Answer 4

Favor the cause of Italian liberation from Austria’s rule destroying Austria’s power strengthened France

Question 5

Papal States

Answer 5

Territories in Italian peninsula under sovereign direct rule of the pope

Question 6

Realpolitik

Answer 6

Style of governing based on practical and material factors rather than on ethics or ideology and uses all means including war to expand influence and power of a state

Question 7

Congress System

Answer 7

System of European international relations in the first half of the 19th century in which major European states cooperated to preserve the balance of power

Question 8

Prussia

Answer 8

German kingdom inhabited early times by West Slavic tribes

long tradition of militarism and authoritarianism forged German unification

Question 9

Otto Von Bismarck

Answer 9

19th-century German statesman

through series of aggressive wars united Germany

Germany became dominant power in Europe under his administration said have to do it by blood and iron

Minister Pres. of Prussia

Question 10

Wilhelm I

Answer 10

King of Prussia who engineered the withdrawal of Bismarck’s candidacy for Spanish time removing the calls for war determined strengths and Prussia by expanding size and effectiveness of army

Question 11

Junkers

Answer 11

Members of the landed nobility in Prussia (Prussian aristocrats)

Owned estates maintained and worked by Slavic peasants with few rights

Example: Bismarck was a junker

Question 12

EMS Dispatch

Answer 12

Wilhelm telegraphed meetings with French to Bismarck; chancellor edited message which made exchange between King and ambassador seem more curt (rudely brief) than actually have been
French interpreted as a deliberate snub to their ambassador and overreacted, Napoleon declared war

Question 13

Young Turks

Answer 13

Young intellectuals who wanted to transform the Ottoman Empire into a more modern westernized state

Expression came to designated any group activists pushing for political change

Question 14

Sick Man of Empire

Answer 14

Ottoman Empire faced unrest within its borders and threats from expansionist designs of its neighbors

Question 15

Crimean War

Answer 15

Fought Middle 19th Century
Senseless War
Crimea peninsula juts into Black Sea and sits bottom of Russia
Fought a between Russia and Ottoman Empire
Great Britain and France didn’t want Russia orthodox to do that because they would take over holy land
Poor leadership and supply linens
Major disaster, many casualties, disease rampant
First war photographed immediately reported because invention of telegraph
War ended in Treaty of Paris - nobody followed the treaty
Kept Russia from taking over holy land

Question 16

Florence Nightingale

Answer 16

One of the few heroic figures to emerge from the Crimean War

English nurse organized nursing services to care for British sick and wounded

founded First Commercial nursing school

Question 17

MIR

Answer 17

Russian peasant commune after Tsar Alexander II freed serfs, the Mir determined land use and paid the government mortgages and taxes

Question 18

Magyars

Answer 18

Dominance in Hungary, Magyars insisted on self-rule claim based on age-old right and Vienna’s initial acceptance of autonomy

Magyar corporation crucial for well-being of Habsburgs Empire

Question 19

Louis Thiers

Answer 19

Leader of the new French Republic who was an old prime minister

Question 20

Paris Commune

Answer 20

Parisian workers uprising intended to establish a workers government under home rule, violently suppressed by the army and the conservative French government

Question 21

Second Reform Bill

Answer 21

In Britain extended the vote and equalize voting districts giving significantly more representation urban areas lowering property qualifications and giving right to vote

Question 22

Congress of Paris

Answer 22

Humiliated Russia and restricted its military access to Black Sea - postwar settlement dictated reforms and treatment of Christians and Ottoman empire, which, in turn in paired the Ottoman ability to repressed nationalist movements and the Balkans

Question 23

Tsar Alexander II

Answer 23

After Russia’s defeat in Crimean War - he feared that if serfdom were not abolished from above it would be overthrown by a serf rebellion that would destroy the aristocracy itself issued a decree freeing serfs, he emancipated 22 million people from system allow them to be bought and sold

Question 24

Zemstovos

Answer 24

Village or district assemblies created byTsar Alexander II as part of the Great Reform they elected delegates to regional assemblies

Question 25

Manifest Destiny

Answer 25

In United States and 19th-century belief American settlers were destined to expand across the continent provided tone for largest acquisition of US territory

Question 26

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 26

Acquisition by United States of France's claim to territory of Louisiana

Question 27

US Civil War

Answer 27

First American war to be photographed | War between states declared secession from Confederate states origin was the issue of slavery

Question 28

``` William Gladstone (liberal) - stern and moralistic & Benjamin Disraeli (conservative) - vain and theoretical ```

Answer 28

Strong-minded individuals headed parties and dominated British political life for over a generation, both master debaters capable of making speeches lasting five hours, rivalry between the two men thrilled the nation and made politics popular pastime

Question 29

Queen Victoria

Answer 29

Detested Gladstone but she had to ask him to form governments when liberals won parliamentary elections