Chapter 23 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Bourgeois Century
Characterization of the 19th century; expanded dramatically with the industrialization, helped shape Western European society
Second Industrial Revolution
2 new sources of power - petroleum and electricity - economic changes - new sources of energy
Anthropology
Study of humanity, humanities, natural sciences, social sciences
comparative study of people in different societies
Victorian Morals
19th-century ethos wherein the strict moral principles of the dominant middle-class became a social norm. middle classes saw in Queen Victoria a reflection of their own values
Augusts Comte
Came up with the term positivism
vehicle of progress, not faith and religion but faith in science
sociology
Impressionist artists
Late 19th century style painting pioneered by French artists
Examples: Degas, Monet, Pissaro, Renoir, Sisten, and Morisot
Wanted paintings to capture what things look like before the brain distorted them
Spontaneity
August Renoir
French impressionist artist
Edgar Degas
French impressionist artist
Charles Darwin
Proposed Darwinism
Theory of biological evolution
Social Darwinism
Human societies evolve in the same way plants and animals - week poor and not worthy of survival
Alfred Nobel
Invented dynamite made possible level hills blast tunnels through the mountains facilitating construction
Jules Verne
French writer who wrote “Around the world in 80 days” - Optimism born of conquering vast distance
Wrote 20,000 Leagues under the sea
Samuel Morse
Invention of single wire telegraph system
coinventor of the Morse code
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented machine capable of transmitting human voice by electrical impulses also known as the telephone
Suez Canal
Dug on Egyptian soil
linked Mediterranean to Red Sea to Indian Ocean
Georges Haussmann
Aide to Napoleon III, helped transform Paris from dirty medieval city to beautiful modern one, engineer helped build elegant buildings
The Crystal Palace
Exhibition in London
largest world exposition
highlighted industrial accomplishments
building largest glass and steel structure of its time
showcase of advanced European civilization
Leopold Von Ranke
Father of modern historical writing
role shows how things actually work
Origin of Species
Darwin’s observations in Galapagos islands
most important scientific work of the 19th century
Decent of Man
Written by Darwin - presented evidence that humanity too is subject to natural law
Dmitri Mendeleev
Russian chemist who developed the periodic table
Josephine Grey Butler
British feminist concerned about the welfare of prostitutes
Louis Pasteur
Discovered microbes - small organisms invisible to the naked which caused various diseases - discovered pasteurization
Joseph Lister
Surgeon developed effective disinfectant
Carbolic acid to kill germs that cause gangrene and other infections in surgical patients
Development of germ-free procedures transform science of surgery
