chapter 22 and 23 Flashcards
Genomics (8 cards)
what is genomics and the 2 main parts
molecular analysis of the entire genetic composition of an organism or species
1. Sequencing
2. Functional genomics
what is sequencing
Determination of the entire DNA sequence of an organism or species:
Provides basic knowledge of what genes an organism has
* First step in determining what the functions of these genes are
- Enables diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human disease
- Infectious diseases–by analysis of pathogens’ genomes
- Genetic diseases
- Inherited
- “Mendelian traits”: due to single gene mutations
- “Complex traits”: affected by many genes
- Somatic: cancer and other diseases
- Facilitates improvement of agriculturally-important livestock and crop species
- Enables analysis of evolution of species and of human diversity and evolution
- Comparative genomic
An enzyme that removes methyl groups from cytosines in DNA would be
most likely to cause what kind of change in levels of gene expression?
increase it
An enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones would be most likely
to cause what kind of change in levels of gene expression?
decrease it
why do genome sizes of organism vary so much
Genome size is only partly related to the number of genes in an
organism—a lot of the differences are due to the proportion of
repetitive DNA
Homologous genes are
similar but not identical
descended from same ancestral gene
genes in either same or different species.
gene family
refers to homologous genes in the same species/single genome
The members of a gene family are similar but not identical and
usually have similar functions.
Multiple sequence alignments allow one to identify
Similar genes/ proteins
* Proteins with similar sequences usually have related functions
so similarity can give clues to a gene/ protein’s function
* The evolutionary relationship of similar genes
* Conserved sequences in genes/proteins
* Conserved sequences are usually functionally important
