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Pharm II > Chapter 22-Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 22-Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is pre-hypertensive BP?

A

S 120-139/ D80-89

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2
Q

What is the BP for Stage 1 hypertension?

A

S 140-159/ D90-99

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3
Q

What is the BP for Stage 2 hypertension?

A

S >160/ D >100

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4
Q

This nervous system system stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

This nervous system stimulates the heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What do the following drug treat;
Adrenergic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), Diuretics, vasodilators, and Direct Renin Inhibitors

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

Which drug class decreases norepinephrine?

A

Andrenergic drugs

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8
Q

Which drug class reduces renin activity in the kidneys, stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain, and decreases BP?

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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9
Q

Which drug class decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS?

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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10
Q

Which Andrenergic drug is safe to be used for hypertension during pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

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11
Q

Which drug class are Clonidine (Catapres) & methyldopa (Aldomet)

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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12
Q

Which drug class are those with the suffix -azosin?

A

Alpha Blockers/antagonists

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13
Q

Which drugs are Alpha Blockers/Agonists?

A

Doxazosin (Cardura),
Terazosin Hytrin),
Prazosin (Minipress)

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14
Q

Long term use of these adrenergic drugs causes reduced peripheral vascular resistance

A

Beta blockers

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15
Q

Which class of adrenergic drug has the suffix -olol?

A

Beta Blockers

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16
Q

What class of drug are the following;
Nebivlol (Bystolic),
Propranolol (Inderal),
Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Beta Blockers

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17
Q

Which drugs are alpha and beta receptor blockers?

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Reduces heart rate and causes vasodilation

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18
Q

What is tamsulosin (Flomax) used for?

A

Management of severe heart failure when used with cardiac glycosides and diuretics

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19
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?

A 
Bradycardia with reflex tachycardia,
Dry mouth,
Drowsiness/sedation,
Constipation,
Depression, 
Edema,
Sexual dysfunction
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20
Q

What are the less common adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?

A 
Headaches,
Sleep disturbances,
Nausea,
Rash, 
Cardiac disturbances (palpitations)
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21
Q

When administering an alpha-adrenergic drug for hypertension, it is important for the nurse to assess the patient for the development of ______.

A

Hypotension

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22
Q

What are the first line drugs for heart failure and hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors

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23
Q

Which class of adrenergic drugs has the suffix -pril?

Study These Flashcards
A

ACE inhibitors

24
Q

_______ is a potent vasoconstrictor and causes aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands.

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A

Angiotensin II

25
_______ inhibit the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, which is responsible for converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors
26
______ use results in decreased systemic vascular resistance (afterload), vasodilation, and therefore decreased blood pressure
ACE inhibitors
27
What are the indications for ACE inhibitors?
Hypertension, HF, Slow progression of left ventricular hyper trophy after MI (cardio protective), Renal protective effects in patients with diabetes
28
Which ACE inhibitors are not prodrugs and must be metabolized by the liver?
Captopril (Capoten) & Lisinopril (Prinivil) These can be used for patients with liver dysfunction
29
What are the adverse effects of ace inhibitors?
Fatigue, dizziness, headache, mood changes, impaired taste, possible hyperkalemia, drnonproductive
30
_____ are inactive in their administered form and must be metabolized in the liver to an active form to be effective
Prodrugs Catapril and Lisinopril are NOT prodrugs
31
______ to not cause a dry cough
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
32
Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin), Prazosin (Minipress) These drug are in which classification ?
Alpha blockers/antagonists
33
______ is useful in the management of withdrawal symptoms in opioid dependent persons
Clonidine
34
``` Captopril (Capoten), Benazepril (Lotensin), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Prinivil), Moexipril (Univasc), Quinapril (Accupril) ``` These are all in which drug classification
ACE inhibitors
35
A patient with a history of pancreatitis and Cirrhosis is also being treated for hypertension. Which drug will most likely be ordered for this patient?
Captopril
36
The suffix -sartan is most associated with this drug classification
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
37
What is the mechanism of action for angiotensin II receptor blocker's (ARBs)?
Block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
38
What are the types of adrenergic (antihypertensive) drugs?
``` ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs), Calcium channel blocker's (CCBs), Diuretics, Vasodilators, Direct renin inhibitors ```
39
What is a common adverse effect for ACE inhibitors?
Fatigue, dizziness, mood changes, headaches, dry nonproductive cough
40
What is the mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
Vasodilators that prevent sodium and water resorption and reduce blood pressure
41
What are the interactions for ACE inhibitors?
NSAIDs (predisposes for renal failure), Lithium, Potassium (can cause hyperkalemia)
42
What is the mechanism of action for ARBs?
They block the binding of A-II to the receptors
43
This category of antihypertensive drugs lowers mortality after MI?
ARBs
44
Where are the adverse affects for ARBs?
Upper respiratory infection
45
What are the contradictions for ARBs?
Allergies, Pregnancy, Lactation, Caution with elderly
46
What is the mechanism of action for calcium Channel Blockers?
Peripheral vasodilation
47
What are the contradictions for calcium channel blockers?
Cerebral edema, Head trauma, Acute MI
48
Toxicity and overdose of some CCBs produce what symptoms?
Hypotension, tachycardia, headache, generalized skin flushing
49
``` Hydrazine (Apresoline), Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) ``` Are whate type of antihypertensive?
CCBs
50
What lab result is an indicator that a heart attack this taken place?
Elevated serum troponin This is elevated 4 to 6 hours after a heart attack begins and maybe reliable up to 14 days after a heart attack
51
First dose orthostatic hypotension may occur within 2 to 6 hours after administration of ________
Doxazosin (Cardura)
52
What is the mechanism of action for diuretics?
Decrease workload of the heart, Decrease blood pressure They directly relax arteriolar and/or venous smooth muscle, decreasing systemic vascular response, decreasing afterload, and peripheral vasodilation
53
What is the mechanism of action for nitrates and nitrites?
Vasodilation of coronary arteries
54
Drugs with the suffix -trate are in which classification?
Nitrates/Nitrites Along with nitroglycerine
55
Beta Blockers are used to treat ____ angina
Exertional
56
Beta blockers
_____ _____ should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma as they can cause bronchoconstriction
57
What is the primary nursing diagnosis with use of antihypertensive drugs?
Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to the impact of the hypertensive disease process and/or possible severe hypotensive adverse affects associated with antihypertensive drug therapy

Pharm II (8 decks)

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