Chapter 22 - Cardiothoracic

Question 1

List the five “steps” of blood flow starting with the right ventricle

Answer 1

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein and left atrium

Question 2

Which diagnostic study is MOST useful for verification of toracic aortic dissection?

Answer 2

CT Scan

Question 3

The coronary artery orginates from the_.

Answer 3

Ascending aorta

Question 4

Is the defibrillator part of the “Heart-Lung” machine

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae?

Answer 5

purse string

Question 6

The force rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by what part of the CNS?

Answer 6

Medulla Oblongata

Question 7

Which artery accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions?

Answer 7

Left anterior descending

Question 8

What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass?

Answer 8

intra-aortic balloon pump

Question 9

In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope?

Answer 9

bronchoscopy

Question 10

Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?

Answer 10

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 11

The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the:

Answer 11

Hilum

Question 12

What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology?

Answer 12

infiltrate

Question 13

A heart murmur is often heard with auscultation and indicative of involvement of which structure?

Answer 13

mitral valve

Question 14

Where are the cannulae MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures?

Answer 14

right atrium and ascending aorta

Question 15

The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is

Answer 15

empyema

Question 16

Which device is used for patients awaiting heart transplant that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system?

Answer 16

ventricular assist device

Question 17

What is the general term for incurable diseases of the heart for which the only treatment would be heart transplantation?

Answer 17

cardiomyopathies

Question 18

Which suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae?

Answer 18

purse-string

Question 19

What is the term for a localized stricture of the aorta found in a pediatric patient?

Answer 19

coarctation

Question 20

The apex of the lung is located

Answer 20

superiorly and just above the clavicle

Question 21

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?

Answer 21

right ventricle

Question 22

Commissurotomy is a surgical separation of the flaps of the

Answer 22

mitral valve

Question 23

Percentage of blood volume

pumped out of the heart into the systemic circulation; indicator of ventricular function

Answer 23

Ejection fraction

Question 24

Which congenital defect has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of “blue babies”

Answer 24

tetralogy of Fallot

Question 25

What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death

Answer 25

myocardial infarction

Question 26

Which type of incision is made for a pneumonectomy

Answer 26

posterolateral

Question 27

What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue

Answer 27

bleb

Question 28

Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed

Answer 28

aortic punch

Question 29

Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs

Answer 29

visceral pleura

Question 30

Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope

Answer 30

suprasternal notch