Chapter 22: Disorders Of Hemostasis

Question 1

What is hemostasis?

Answer 1

The body’s way to maintain a certain level of existence

Question 2

What is the inappropriate formation of clots within the vascular system?

Answer 2

Thrombosis

Question 3

What is the failure of blood to clot in response to appropriate stimulus?

Answer 3

Bleeding

Question 4

What are the factors that cause Hemostasis ( Blood Clotting)?

Answer 4

• infection, tissue damage, and healing

Question 5

The process of hemostasis can be divided into how many stages?

Answer 5

Two

Question 6

What prevents a client from bleeding to death?

Answer 6

Vascular Constriction

Question 7

Which stage of hemostasis has platelet plug formation?

Answer 7

Primary Hemostasis

Question 8

What happens in Vasoconstriction?

Answer 8

The walls of the blood vessels shrink to reduce the area that blood can flow through.

Question 9

Which stage of hemostasis does vasoconstriction happen?

Answer 9

Primary Hemostasis

Question 10

At which stage of hemostasis does the coagulation cascade happen?

Answer 10

Secondary Hemostasis

Question 11

Hemo means what?

Answer 11

blood

Question 12

Stasis means what?

Answer 12

Standing

Question 13

Anticoagulants do what?

Answer 13

Keep blood from clotting

Question 14

What process prevents the client from hemmorage ( bleeding to death) ?

Answer 14

Vascular constriction

Question 15

What is blood coagulation?

Answer 15

A process where fibrin forms a chainlike net or mesh network

Question 16

What type of cells become trapped in the network in blood coagulation?

Answer 16

Red and White Blood Cells

Question 17

Which Coagulation Cascade is Intrisnic?

Answer 17

The PTT Pathway

Question 18

What is clot retraction?

Answer 18

A process where serum is squeezed from the clot and edges of the vessel are pulled together

Question 19

How long does clot retraction take?

Answer 19

20-60 minutes

Question 20

Which Coagulation Cascade is Extrinsic and Faster?

Answer 20

The PT Pathway

Question 21

What is clot dissolution?

Answer 21

This allows blood flow to be reestablished and permanent tissue repair

Question 22

What is fibrinolysis?

Answer 22

A process where the clot is dissolved

Question 23

What is hypercoagulability?

Answer 23

Increase the risk of clot or thrombus formation in the arterial or venous circulations

Question 24

What factors are shared and required for both PTT and PT?

Answer 24

Factors V(5) and X(10)

Question 25

Hypercoagulability due to increased platelet function results in what?

Answer 25

Platelet adhesion, formation of platelet clots and disruption of blood flow

Question 26

What is the most important enzyme on the planet?

Answer 26

Thrombin

Question 27

What is Factor Xa?

Answer 27

Prothrombin

Question 28

Factor Xa( Prothrombin) converts into what?

Answer 28

Thrombin

Question 29

What converts Fibrinogen into a solid Frbrin Clot?

Answer 29

Thrombin

Question 30

T/F: Without thrombin you can not form a clot.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What are the causes of increased platelet function?

Answer 31

disturbances in flow, endothelial damage, and increased sensitivity of platelets to factors that cause adhesiveness and aggregation.

Question 32

What are the causes of increased platelet function?

Answer 32

disturbances in flow, endothelial damage, and increased sensitivity of platelets to factors that cause adhesiveness and aggregation.

Question 33

What factor activates factor X(10) in the PT Pathway?

Answer 33

Factor 7

Question 34

What is arterial thrombi?

Answer 34

Associated with conditions that produce turbulent blood flow and platelet adherence

Question 35

What is venous thrombi?

Answer 35

Associated with conditions that cause stasis of blood flow with increased concentrations of coagulation factors

Question 36

What conditions create increased platelet function?

Answer 36

-Atherosclerosis -Diabetes mellitus -Smoking -Elevated blood lipoid and cholesterol levels -Increased platelet levels

Question 37

What factors are included in the PTT Pathway?

Answer 37

Factor(s): XII(12), XI(11), IX(9), VIII(8), and X(10)

Question 38

What are conditions that cause accelerated activating of the coagulation system?

Answer 38

-Pregnancy and the 6-week period following childbirth -Use of oral contraceptives -Postsurgical state - Immobility -Congestive heart failure -Malignant diseases

Question 39

T/F: If factor V(5) or X(10) are damaged both the PT and PTT pathway will not clot; resulting in continuous bleeding?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: Deficiency for Factor VII(7) will prolong the PT but not the PTT

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What happens to a patient with thrombocytopenia? (low platelets)

Answer 41

They are at an increased risk of bleeding

Question 42

T/F: Deficiencies of Factor(s) XII (12), XI(11), IX(9), and VIII(8) will prolong the PTT But not the PT

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What causes thrombocytopenia?

Answer 43

decrease in platelet production, increased sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival

Question 44

What matters clinically about factor XII(12).

Answer 44

When deficient, other blood clotting factors compensate for its absence.

Question 45

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia

Answer 45

(ASA, atorvastatin, antibiotics)

Question 46

What causes Bleeding?

Answer 46

1. Decrease in the number of circulating platelets 2. Impaired Platelet Function

Question 47

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Answer 47

platelet antibody formation and destruction of platelets

Question 48

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 48

A lack of activity in the ADAMTS13 enzyme (a type of protein in the blood) causes overactive clotting)

Question 49

In the decreasing number of circulating platelets what must be relatively sever before hemorrhagic tendencies of spontaneous bleeding occur?

Answer 49

- Depletion of platelets

Question 50

What are some manifestations of thrombosis?

Answer 50

Bleeding in mucous membranes -Nose -Mouth -Gastrointestinal tract -Uterine Cavity

Question 51

What is bleeding resulting from platelet deficiency and commonly occurs in small vessels? Often characterized by petechiae and purpura.

Answer 51

Impaired platelet function

Question 52

Where does thrombosis occur?

Answer 52

small vessels

Question 53

What is petechiae?

Answer 53

pinpoint purplish-red spots (Seen almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency)

Question 54

What is an essential cofactor for synthesis of clotting factors ?

Answer 54

Vitamin K

Question 55

Purpura

Answer 55

purple areas of bruising

Question 56

What occurs in Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 56

- Th liver produces inactive clotting factors resulting in abnormal bleeding.

Question 57

What vitamin is Fat-solvable and is synthesized by intestinal bacteria ( or food source)?

Answer 57

Vitamin K

Question 58

What causes coagulant deficiencies to arise?

Answer 58

defective synthesis, inherited disease, or increased consumption of the clotting factors

Question 58

What causes coagulant deficiencies to arise?

Answer 58

defective synthesis, inherited disease, or increased consumption of the clotting factors

Question 59

What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Answer 59

Acquired bleeding disorder, an alteration in the blood clotting mechanism: abnormal acceleration of the coagulation cascade which results in thrombosis; hemorrhage occurs simultaneously.

Question 60

What are the Vascular disorders that cause bleeding?

Answer 60

1. Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 2. Vitamin C Deficiency ( Scurvy) 3. Cushing Disease 4. Senile Ursula ( Bruising in Elderly Persons)

Question 61

An uncommon autosomal dominant disorder Characterized by thin-walled, dilated capillaries and arterioles is known as what?

Answer 61

Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Question 62

What disease causes protein wasting and loss of vessel tissue support due to excess cortisol?

Answer 62

Cushing Disease

Question 63

What is the treatment for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Answer 63

To manage primary disease

Question 64

What is caused by the Aging Process?

Answer 64

Senile Purpura ( bruising in elderly persons)

Question 65

What results in poor collagen synthesis and failure of the endothelial cells to be centered together properly, causing a fragile wall?

Answer 65

Vitamin C deficiency ( Scurvy )

Question 66

What are some conditions associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Answer 66

* Obstetric conditions * Cancers * Infections * Shock * Trauma or surgery * Hematologic conditions