Chapter 22 - Growth, Development, Aging

Question 1

Embryology

Answer 1

Science of the development of the offspring before birth

Question 2

Morula

Answer 2

Solid mass of cells about 3 days after fertilization

Question 3

Blastocyst

Answer 3

Morula after it continues to divide. Forms a hollow ball as it reaches the uterus. No real change in mass. Has large store of nutrients

Question 4

Yolk sac

Answer 4

One of two cavities for blastocyst. Functions to produce blood cells for the blastocyst

Question 5

Amniotic cavity

Answer 5

Fluid filled, shock absorbing sac in which the embryo floats

Question 6

Chorion

Answer 6

Develops into the placenta

Question 7

Chorionic villi

Answer 7

Connects the blood vessels of the chorion to the placenta

Question 8

Placenta

Answer 8

Anchors the fetus and provides a bridge for exchange of nutrients and wastes between mother and baby. Functions as a excretory, respiratory, and endocrine organ

Question 9

Embryonic phase

Answer 9

Week 3-8. Heart beat at 35 days, limb buds. All cells are stem cells.

Question 10

Fetal phase

Answer 10

Week 9 - 39. The term embryo is replaced by fetus. By end of 4 months all organs are in place

Question 11

Primary germ layers

Answer 11

Develop early in the first trimester. Each layer of stem cells gives rise to definite structures.

Question 12

Endoderm

Answer 12

Inside primary germ layer

Question 13

Mesoderm

Answer 13

Middle primary germ layer

Question 14

Ectoderm

Answer 14

Outside primary germ layer

Question 15

Histogenesis

Answer 15

Process of how primary germ layers develop into tissues

Question 16

Orangogenesis

Answer 16

Process in which the tissues arrange themselves in the organs

Question 17

Teratogens

Answer 17

Birth defects caused by exposure. Radiation, chemicals, infections.

Question 18

Parturition

Answer 18

Child birth. Transition between pre and post natal

Question 19

Apgar score

Answer 19

Used to access newborn health. Up to 10. Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, skin tone, and response to stimuli.

Question 20

Neonate

Answer 20

First 4 weeks of life. Neonatal period

Question 21

Gerontology

Answer 21

Study of aging

Question 22

Senescence

Answer 22

Older adulthood

Question 23

Lipping

Answer 23

Development of bones as they age. Edges become indistinct and spurs appear. Bone tissue piles up around the joints

Question 24

Presbyopia

Answer 24

Hardening of the lens of the eyes. Happens with old age

Question 25

Cataract

Answer 25

Flattening of the lens of the eye. Must be removed surgically

Question 26

Glaucoma

Answer 26

Increased eye pressure. Often results in blindness unless treated