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Massage Therapy > Chapter 22 - Integumentary System and Pathologies > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Integumentary System and Pathologies Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

dermatology

A

study of the integumentary system

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2
Q

two primary regions of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

functions?

A

protection, immunity, absorption, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis

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4
Q

what produces melanin?

A

melanocytes

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5
Q

specialized cells that stimulate immune responses when skin is broken by surgery or injury

A

dendritic (Langerhan) cells

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6
Q

epidermis

A

thin outer region of skin and composed of epithelial tissue

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7
Q

avascular

A

nutrients are provided by tissue fluids from underlying dermis

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8
Q

epidermis is derived from where

A

ectoderm

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9
Q

deepest epidermal layer where keratinocytes are produced

A

stratum basale

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10
Q

keratinocytes consist of __% in the epidermis

A

90

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11
Q

stratum basale is also known as

A

stratume germinativum or growth layer

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12
Q

melanin

A

produces dark pigment

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13
Q

1/4 cells are in stratum germinativum

A

melanocytes

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14
Q

melanin production is stimulated by sunlight which results in?

A

creating a semi protective shield against UV radiation

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15
Q

stratum spinosum (spiny layer)

A

slender projections connecting to the layer above

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16
Q

stratum granulosum (granular layer)

A

keratinization of skin cells begins

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17
Q

keratin

A

substance secreted by the vesicles within the keratinocytes

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18
Q

keratin + skin oils = ?

A

epidermal water barrier

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19
Q

epidermal water barrier

A

waterproofing the skin by reducing water loss that would lead to dehydration

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20
Q

stratum lucidum

A

translucent band that presents in thick skin of the palms and soles

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21
Q

stratum corneum (horny layer)

A

most superficial epidermal layer and desquamation occurs

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22
Q

how long do keratinocytes produce

A

21-27 days

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23
Q

epidermal-dermal junction

A

between the epidermis and the dermis

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24
Q

dermis (“true skin”)

A

thick, deeper region

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25
dermis is derived from?
mesoderm
26
connective tissue consists mainly of
collagen and elastin
27
elastin
provides tissue to stay the same shape after being stretched
28
collagen
~70% of dermis and offer structural support to nerve receptors, blood vessels, hair follicles, muscles, and glands
29
scar
a dense collection of new connected tissue that is formed when the dermis is injured and the fibroblasts in the dermis quickly reproduce
30
stretch mark
resulted from the elastic fibers weakening and tearing from being overstretched in the dermis
31
subcutaneous layer
deep to the dermis
32
subcutaneous layer also known as?
hypodermis or superficial fascia
33
deep fascia
when this layer is extended inward and surrounds deeper structures
34
subcutaneous layers consist of (4)
loose connective tissue adipose tissue nerve receptors blood vessels
35
skin color is determined by (5)
genetics physiology emotions disease processes diet
36
albinism
genetic condition in which individuals cannot produce melanin
37
vitiligo
partial or total loss of pigmentation occurring in patches
38
hyperpigmentation
from pregnancy hormones
39
linea nigra
a pregnancy line that is produced by pregnancy hormones stimulating melanin production
40
carotene
yellow pigment that gives skin the golden color
41
bilirubin
a pigment that is unable to excrete by individuals with liver diseases
42
jaundice
a medical condition caused by a substance that is deposited in skin and mucous membranes
43
hyperemia
reddening that is caused by vasodilation and increased blood flow
44
cyanosis
blue or purple-tinted skin
45
pallor
pale skin
46
ischemia
decreased blood flow from vasoconstriction or other causes
47
hair
keratinized filaments arising from pouchlike hair follicles in dermis
48
functions of the hair
protects skin and body orifices
49
arrector pili
muscles attached to hair follicles
50
nails
compact keratinized cells forming thin hard plates on distal surfaces at fingers at toes
51
body (of the nail)
largest and most visible part
52
root (of the nail)
nail production
53
nailbed
skin beneath the nail
54
lateral nail folds
sides of the nail
55
cuticle
tough ridge growing over the nail base
56
lunula
crescent shaped white area at the nail base
57
free edge
distal end and trimmed as nail growth
58
three major skin glands
sebaceous sudoriferous ceruminous
59
sebaceous (oil) glands
connected to a hair follicle and produces sebum
60
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
produce sweat or perspiration
61
functions of sudoriferous glands
regulate body temperature and eliminate wastes
62
two types of sudoriferous glands
eccrine glands apocrine glands
63
eccrine glands
most numerous secrete watery perspiration assist with temperature regulation through evaporative cooling
64
apocrine glands
open into hair follicles and secrete a strong-smelling perspiration
65
ceruminous glands
produce cerumen, or earwax
66
thermoregulation
maintenance of normal body temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss
67
hypothermia
excess decreases in temperature
68
hyperthermia
excess increases in temperature
69
what area in the brain does the stimuli of the skin receptor travels to?
postcentral gyrus
70
free nerve endings
no covering most common and widely distributed
71
3 types of free nerve endings
Merkel disk Nociceptors Hair root plexus
72
Merkel disk
detects light pressure light touch
73
nociceptor
detects noxious stimuli and protects the dermis layer
74
hair root plexus (hair follicle receptor)
looks like a web that responds to mechanical stimuli
75
encapsulated nerve endings
covered by capsules and stimuli mechanically changes their shape
76
Meissner (tactile) corpuscles
detects light pressure or light touch, textural sensations, and low frequency vibration
77
krause (bulboid) corpuscles
found in mucous membranes and detect deeper pressure, cold, or reduced temperatures
78
Ruffini (bulbous) corpuscles
respond to heavy pressure, continuous or persistent touch, skin touching, skin stretching, and warmth
79
pacini (lamellar) corpuscles (aka Pacinian corpuscles)
respond to deep pressure, high-frequency vibrations, and stretch
80
acne
an inflammatory infection of the hair follicles and their associated sebaceous glands
81
athlete's foot
fungal infection of the foot
82
dermatophytes
several species of fungi that causes athletes foot
83
boils (furuncles)
deeply infected hair follicles that spread to surrounding areas
84
carbuncle
collection of boils that coalesce to form a larger mass draining through several openings
85
bruises
marks on skin caused by blood leaking from damaged vessels and collecting in interstitial spaces
86
is massage contraindicated for bruises?
yes
87
burn
injury causing damage to the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer or organs underneath
88
4 types of burns
1st degree burn 2nd degree burn 3rd degree burn 4th degree burn
89
1st degree burn is also called?
superficial partial-thickness burn
90
1st degree burn
damages only the epidermis
91
2nd degree burn aka?
deep partial-thickness burn
92
2nd degree burn
deeper and involves both epidermis and upper layers of dermis hair follicles and sweat glands are spared and remain function
93
3rd degree burn aka?
full-thickness burn
94
3rd degree burn
destroys the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, and associated glands
95
4th degree burn
full thickness burn that extends into the bone and muscle
96
burns caused by
heat sources cold radiation chemical agents electricity friction

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