Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

The musculoskeletal system consists of

Answer 1

the body’s bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments tendons and muscle.

Question 2

The musculoskeletal system is intricately related to

Answer 2

The individuals overall sense of independence and well being

Question 3

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 3

A. Support/stand erect
B. Movement
C. Protect inner vital organs
D. Hematopoiesis
E. Reservoir for storage of essential minerals (calcium and phosphorus) in the bones

Question 4

Hematopoiesis

Answer 4

production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 5

Bones

Answer 5

Hard, rigid, and very dense.

Bones cells are continuously recycling and remodeling.

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

Specialized connective tissue that cushions the bones and provides for smooth movement.

Question 7

Joints

Answer 7

Place of union between 2 or more bones.

Permit mobility.

Question 8

Ligaments

Answer 8

Fibrous band running from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and prevents movement in undesirable directions.

Question 9

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 9

1. Skeletal - muscle under conscious control.
2. Smooth - involuntary
3. Cardiac - involuntary

Question 10

Tendons

Answer 10

Attach muscle to bone.

Composed of s strong fibrous cord.

Question 11

Terminology of Skeletal Muscle

Movements

Answer 11

1. Flexion and Extension
2. Abduction and Adduction
3. Pronation and Supination
4. Circumduction
5. Inversion and Eversion
6. Rotation
7. Elevation and Depression
8. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
9. Protraction and Retraction

Question 12

Flexion

Answer 12

Bending of limb at a joint

Question 13

Extension

Answer 13

Straightening a limb at a joint to maximally increase its angle

Question 14

Abduction

Answer 14

Movement of a body part away from the body’s midline

Question 15

Adduction

Answer 15

Movement of a body part toward the midline

Question 16

Pronation

Answer 16

Movement of the forearm to place the palm downward

Question 17

Supination

Answer 17

Movement of the forearm to place the palm upward

Question 18

Circumspection

Answer 18

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Question 19

Inversion

Answer 19

Moving the ankle inward

Question 20

Eversion

Answer 20

Movement of the ankle outward

Question 21

Rotation

Answer 21

Moving the head around a central axis

Question 22

Elevation

Answer 22

Raising a body part

Question 23

Depression

Answer 23

Lowering a body part

Question 24

Dorsiflexion

Answer 24

Movement of the foot upward

Question 25

Plantar Flexion

Answer 25

Movement of the foot downward

Question 26

Protraction

Answer 26

Moving a body part toward and parallel to the ground, moves away from the vertebral column

Question 27

Retraction

Answer 27

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground, moves toward vertebral column

Question 28

Transcultural Considerations in relation to the Musculoskeletal System

Answer 28

Bone mineral density: - females at greatest risk for bone density loss - smaller frames and body types (Caucasian, Asian) also at greater risk for bone density loss which then places greater risk for fractures.

Question 29

What information would a nurse gather during a Musculoskeletal History (Subjective data)?

Answer 29

``` A. Joint pain B. Joint stiffness C. Joint swelling, heat, redness D. Any limitation of movement E. Muscle pain/cramping F. Muscle weakness G. Bone pain H. Bone deformity, decreased ROM I. Hx of accidents or trauma, hx of fx(s), sprains, dislocation J. Functional assessment K. Self Care Behaviors ```

Question 30

What information would a nurse gather under the category "functional assessment"?

Answer 30

any joint, muscle, bone problems that limit activities of daily living (ADLs).

Question 31

What information would a nurse gather under the category "self care behaviors"?

Answer 31

occupational hazards, chronic stress or repetitive motion to joints, heavy lifting

Question 32

What information would a nurse gather during a Physical Exam/Assessment (Objective Data)?

Answer 32

``` A. Inspection B. Palpation C. ROM D. Muscle testing E. Temporomandinular Joint F. Cervical Spine G. Shoulders H. Elbow I. Wrist and Hand J. Hip K. Knee L. Ankle and foot M. Spine ```

Question 33

Inspection of the Musculoskeletal system

Answer 33

Note the size and contour of the joint. | Note color, swelling, masses or any deformities

Question 34

Palpation of the Musculoskeletal System

Answer 34

Palpation joints for temperature, tenderness, heat, bony articulations, swelling of masses

Question 35

ROM include

Answer 35

Active or passive

Question 36

Muscle Testing

Answer 36

Resistant ROM, note strength by R and L - compare.

Question 37

Assessment of the Wrist and Hand include

Answer 37

Phalen's Test and Tinel's sign

Question 38

Phalen's Test

Answer 38

Pt to hold hands back to back while flexing the wrist 90 degrees x 60 seconds

Question 39

Tinel's sign

Answer 39

Direct percussion of the median nerve at the wrist