Neurologic System Abnormalities Flashcards
Flaccidity
decreased muscle tone or hypotonia, muscle weak, limp, soft
Spasticity
increased tone, increased resistance to passive lengthening
Rigidity (Cogwheel)
constant state of resistance, resists passive movement in any direction
Paralysis
decreased or loss of motor power due to problem with motor nerve or muscle fibers
Tic
repetitive twitching of a muscle at inappropriate times
Tremor
involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups, results in rhythmic, back and forth movement of one or more joints
Cerebral Palsy
mixed group of paralytic neuromotor disorders of infancy and childhood; due to damage to cerebral cortex caused by a developmental defect, intrauterine meningitis or encephalitis, birth trauma, etc.
Muscular Dystrophy
chronic progressive wasting of skeletal musculature which
produces weakness, contractures, severe cases - respiratory dysfunction and death
Parkinsonism
defect of extrapyramidal tracts in the region of the basal ganglia, with loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine; classic triad of symptoms - tremor, rigidity, akinesia - slow monotonous speech, flat expressionless facial expression, excessive salivation, decreased eye blinking, equilibrium impaired
Paraplegia
spinal cord injury, resulting in no movement or reflex activity below the level of the lesion, eventually spasms develop
Decorticate Rigidity
Flexion of arms, wrists and fingers; adduction of arm towards the core. Extension, internal rotation, plantar flexion of lower extremitiesStiff, extension, adduction, internal rotation of upper extremities with palms pronated. Lower extremities - stiff, extended, plantar flexion. Teeth clenched, hyperextended back
Decerebrate Rigidity
Stiff, extension, adduction, internal rotation of upper extremities with palms pronated.
Lower extremities - stiff, extended, plantar flexion.
Teeth clenched, hyperextended back
Pathologic Reflexes include
Babinski
Kernig
Brudzinski
Babinski
Corticospinal injury
Kernig
Sign of meningitis
Brudzinski
Sign of meningitis
syncope
sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of cerebral blood flow.
paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
dysmetria
the inability to control the distance, power and speed of a muscular action
paresthesia
abnormal sensation eg. burning, tingling
dysarthria
difficulting forming words
dysphasia
difficulty with language comprehension or expression
anosmia
decrease or loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking, allergic rhinitis and cocaine use
increasing intracranial pressure causes
a sudden, unilateral, dilated and nonreactive pupil
