Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HA Ch.21-24 Summer2013 > Chapter 22 The thyroid and parathyroid > Flashcards

Chapter 22 The thyroid and parathyroid Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Thyroid hormone important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland

A

Euthyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Low phosphate level associated with hyperparathyroidism

A

hypophosphatasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Udersecretion of thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobes of the gland

A

Isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wedge-shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes

A

Longus colli muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hormone secreted by parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Present in small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus

A

Pyramidal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism

A

Serum calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Large muscles anterolateral to the thyroid

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Group of three muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid) that lies anterior to the thyroid

A

Strap muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and tiiodothyronine

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Remnant of embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck

A

Brachial cleft cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Use of a fine-gauge needle to obtain cell of a mass

A

Fine-needle aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels

A

Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enlargement of the multiple parathyroid glands

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oversecretion of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Congenital anomalies that present in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

A

Adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occuring in middle age

A

Anaplastic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the thyroid gland

A

Follicular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse; multiple nodules may be present
Goiter
26
Autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter, bulging eyes, and cutaneous manifestations
Graves' disease
27
Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
28
Neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies
Medullary carcinoma
29
Tiny echogenic foci within a nodule that may or may not shadow
Microcalcifications
30
Nodular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism
Multinodular goiter
31
Degenerative nodules within the thyroid
Nodular hyperplasia
32
Most common form of thyroid malignancy
Papillary carcinoma
33
Viral infection of the thyroid that causes inflammation
Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis
34
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid
35
The thyroid straddles the trachea anteriorly, whereas the paired lobes extend on either side bounded laterally by the ________ arteries and __________veins
Carotid arteries and jugular veins
36
Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the __________ muscles, including the sternothyroid, omohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Strap
37
The parathyroid glands are normally located on the ________________ surface of the thyroid gland
Posterior medial
38
The parathyroid glands are the ____________ organs of the body
Calcium sensing
39
The parathyroid glands produce _________ and monitor the serum calcium feedback mechanism
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
40
When the serum calcium level _______, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH
Decrease
41
PTH act on ___________, _____________, and intestine to enhance calcium absorption
Bone, Kidney
42
Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by ________ ,hypercalcituria, and low serum level of phosphate
Hypercalcemia
43
Primary heperparathyroidism occurs when increased amounts of PTH are produced by a(n) _________ primary hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma located in the parathyroid gland
Adenoma
44
A chronic hypocalcemia caused by renal failure, vitamin D deficiency (rickets), or malabsorption syndromes is ______________ hyperpareathyroidism
Secondary
45
The thyroid gland is the part of the endocrine system that maintains body, __________, __________, and _________ through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones
Metabolism, growth, development
46
These hormones include triidothyronine (______),thyroxine (_____) and _______
T3, T4, and calcitonin
47
The mechanism for producing thyroid hormones is ____________ metabolism
Iodine
48
When the body needs thyroid hormone, it is released into the bloodstream by the action of thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (____), which is produced by the pituitary gland
TSH
49
The secretion of TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing factor, which is produced by the _________-
Hypothalamus
50
The concentration of calcium in the blood is decreased by _________, which first acts on the bone to inhibit its breakdown
Calcitonin
51
Low intake of iodine (goiter) in the body may cause either ____________, or the inability of the thyroid to produce the proper amount of thyroid hormone, or a problem in the pituitary gland that does not control the thyroid production
Hypothyroidism
52
The metabolic rate is dramatically increased __________ ; clinical signs include weight loss, increased appetite, high degree of nervous energy, tremor, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and palpitations, and many patients show signs of exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
Hyperthyroidism
53
How the thyroid is functioning is evaluated by ______________
Nuclear medicine
54
An enlargement of the thyroid gland is a(n) _________
Goiter
55
One of the most common forms of thyroid disease is _____________
Multinodular goiter
56
_______________ in characterized by these findings: hypermetabolism, diffuse toxic goiter, exophthalmos (inflammatory infiltration of the orbital tissue resulting in proptosis, or bulging of the eyes) and cutaneous manifestations (thickening of the dermis of the pretibial areas and the dorsum of the feet)
Graves' disease
57
A benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation in a (n)_______
Adenoma
58
The most common of the thyroid malignancies is ______________ of the thyroid and is the preponderant cause of thyroid cancer in children
Papillary cancer
59
The normal thyroid gland has a fine _____________ echotexture that is more echogenic that the surrounding muscle structure
Homogeneous
60
A normal lymph node is oval in shape with a(n) ________ texture with a central core echo complex
Homogeneous
61
The _______________ muscle is posterior and lateral to each thyroid lobe and appears as a hypoechoic triangular structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae
Longus colli

HA Ch.21-24 Summer2013 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions