Chapter 22: Trauma Overview Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 22: Trauma Overview Deck (24)
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1
Q

Discuss

Top 5 causes of trauma death

A

Motor vehicle crash, fall, poisonings, burns, drowning

2
Q

Discuss

What is MOI?

A

Mechanism of Injury

3
Q

Discuss

Index of suspicion

A

Awareness for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries

4
Q

Discuss

List motor vehicle collision types

A

Frontal, rear end, lateral, rollover, rotation

5
Q

Discuss

In a motorvehicle crash, what are the collisions that take place?

A

Collision of the car with object, passenger with car, organs with passenger

6
Q

Discuss

What is a coup-contrecoup injury?

A

Type of brain injury with compression to the frontal lobe and tearing to the posterior, as brain bounces inside head after collision

7
Q

Discuss

What are the suspected injuries in a frontal collision?

A

Head against windshield (window star), flail chest (steering wheel), lower extremity fx’s (dashboard)

8
Q

Discuss

Injuries suspected in rear end collision

A

C spine injuries

9
Q

Discuss

Injuries suspected in lateral collisions

A

Lateral whiplash to c spine, head against doorpost, lateral chest injuries, extremity fx’s.

10
Q

Discuss

What’s a good first glance indicator of the probably damage to passenger in a motor vehicle crash?

A

Extent of intrusion into passenger compartment

11
Q

Discuss

What should the EMT be aware of with passengers involved in rollovers and spins?

A

Multiple collisions. Pt restrained? Ejection?

12
Q

Discuss

Things to be aware of with car vs pedestrian

A

Pt airborne or sucked under? How fast was the vehicle travelling? Look for the pt’s shoes (often stay where hit) and look for impact on vehicle.

13
Q

Discuss

Things to be aware of with car vs. bike accident

A

Look at the helmet for a gauge of severity of crash

14
Q

Discuss

Types of impacts with car vs. motorcycle crash

A

Head on, angular, ejection, controlled crash

15
Q

Discuss

What qualifies as a “significant” fall?

A

Over 15’ (3x body height) or in children: Over 10’ w/o loss of consciousness and <10’ with loss of consciousness

16
Q

Discuss

What are the types of blast injuries?

A

Primary (from blast wave), secondary (from shrapnel), tertiary (victim thrown against objects from the blast wave), miscellaneous blast injuries (burns, toxins, etc.)

17
Q

Discuss

What’s a simple indicator of severity of blast (bad or not?)

A

Condition of tempanic membrane

18
Q

Discuss

What are some blast-associated blast injuries?

A

Pneumothorax, arterial air embolism

19
Q

Discuss

What are some indicators of serious trauma associated with blast injuries?

A

Subcutaneous emphysema indicates air in chest cavity, petechiae (pinpoint hemorhages that show up on skin) and large hematomas indicate injury of organs

20
Q

Discuss

With a multi system trauma, the EMT should always

A

Alert med control immediately

21
Q

Discuss

List reasons EMT might use air transport

A

Extended time on scene (e.g. for extrication), Distance > 20-25 miles, Pt needs ALS but no ground ALS available in reasonable time, Traffic or hospital availability make time to ED too long, Multiple pt’s overwhelm resources available at reachable trauma centers, Mass casualty incident

22
Q

Discuss

What are the levels of trauma centers and what distinguishes each?

A

Level I: every aspect of trauma care, prevention to rehabilitation, mostly at university based teaching hospitals. Level II: Less densely populated area, expected to provide initial definitive care. Level III: Serves communities without I or II; provides asessment, ressucitation, emergency care, stabilization, and protocol for transfer to I/II. Level IV: In remote areas, provide ATLS before transfer to higher level care. Additionally, specific adult and pediatric trauma centers (and specialized units e.g. burns)

23
Q

Discuss

What is considered a level I trauma pt?

A

One or more of:

  • BP<90,
  • Respiratory compromise/obstruction/intubation,
  • Receiving blood to maintain vitals,
  • GCS score < or = 8 w/ trauma MOI,
  • GSW to abdomen, neck, chest
24
Q

Discuss

Describe the Revised Trauma Score

A

GCS SBP RR Value
13-15 >89 10-29 4
9-12 76-89 >29 3
6-8 50-75 6-9 2
4-5 1-49 1-5 1
3 0 0 0