Chapter 23

Question 1

the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will.
•Informed consent

Answer 1

Respect for Autonomy

Question 2

Respect for Autonomy

Answer 2

the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will.
•Informed consent

Question 3

We avoid needless harm or injury to
the patient, whether by action or interaction.
•Requires medical competence

Answer 3

Nonmaleficence

Question 4

Nonmaleficence

Answer 4

We avoid needless harm or injury to
the patient, whether by action or interaction.
•Requires medical competence

Question 5

The actions of health care providers
should benefit the patient.
•Includes improving patients health as well as preventing disease in the general population

Answer 5

Beneficence

Question 6

Beneficence

Answer 6

The actions of health care providers
should benefit the patient.
•Includes improving patients health as well as preventing disease in the general population

Question 7

Equal treatment regardless of age, gender, educational background, and other factors

Answer 7

Justice

Question 8

Justice

Answer 8

Equal treatment regardless of age, gender, educational background, and other factors

Question 9

The process by which patients are educated about the essentials of a medical procedure.

Answer 9

Informed consent

Question 10

Informed consent

Answer 10

The process by which patients are educated about the essentials of a medical procedure.

Question 11

Informed consent allows the patient to

Answer 11

make an informed, educated, and voluntary decision about the health care they are to receive.

Question 12

Informed consent gives patients an opportunity to be

Answer 12

a knowledgeable participant in their health care decisions.

Question 13

Complete informed consent includes the following:

Answer 13

The nature of the procedure
•Reasonable alternatives
•The risks, benefits, and uncertainties related to each alternative
•Assessment of the patient’s understanding
•The patient’s acceptance

Question 14

For a patient’s consent to be valid, the patient must be

Answer 14

considered competent to make the decision and the consent must be voluntary

Question 15

Informed consent: if the patient is incapacitated or incapable of providing consent,

Answer 15

the patient’s guardian or a surrogate decision maker must provide consent.

Question 16

Informed consent: if the patient does not speak English,

Answer 16

a translator may be necessary to obtain consent.

Question 17

Can a patient withdraw consent at anytime and end the exam?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Upon meeting a patient:

Answer 18

Treat the patient respectfully, introduce yourself, describe the procedure and your role in performing it.
•Identify the patient – use wrist band if present. If no wrist band, ask patient their name and date of birth.

Question 19

What should you do if the patient is sedated and does not have a wrist band?

Answer 19

If inpatient, send them back and not do the exam until able to identify the patient

Question 20

the quality of being worthy, honored, or esteemed.

Answer 20

Dignity

Question 21

Dignity

Answer 21

the quality of being worthy, honored, or esteemed.

Question 22

Every patient has a right to be

Answer 22

treated in a dignified manner

Question 23

Dignity includes a perception of

Answer 23

being in control and having self worth.

Question 24

Factors that make a patient vulnerable to a loss of dignity include

Answer 24

advanced age, infirmity, and lack of privacy.

Question 25

Ergonomics studies the interaction between

Answer 25

the sonographer, patient, and equipment in order to optimize the well-being of sonographers in their professional environment.

Question 26

_ out of _ sonographers experience pain from work related musculoskeletal injury.

Answer 26

3 out of 4

Question 27

Nearly _% of sonographers end their careers as a result of such injuries.

Answer 27

20

Question 28

Causes of injury

Answer 28

``` repetitive motions •forceful or awkward movements •poor posture •improper positioning •strain, •pressure on joints for extended periods ```

Question 29

Ergonomic devices

Answer 29

wrist support braces •adaptive support cushions •cable braces •ergonomic transducer design •chairs with adjustable armrests and footrests • bed designs with expanded adjustment options •control panel and monitor articulation

Question 30

Ergonomics: Best Practices

Answer 30

keeping your arm close to your body •staying close to the patient •positioning the system’s monitor directly in front of you and at eye level •minimizing the extent of twisting or bending over •using proper sitting positions •Holding the probe using a whole hand grip rather than just the fingers •Keeping the wrist in a neutral position •Using proper foot support

Question 31

Laboratory Policies and Procedures | must include

Answer 31

standards for ergonomics and sonographer health

Question 32

Lab policies and procedures should include

Answer 32

educational programs regarding best practices, proper use of equipment, and safety concerns.

Question 33

_ can reduce workplace injuries

Answer 33

Effective patient scheduling, avoid scheduling the same type of exam consecutively, limit the number of studies each day

Question 34

Standard Precautions

Answer 34

A set of guidelines to minimize the exposure and risk of health care workers when in contact with a patient.

Question 35

Standard precautions are based on the idea that

Answer 35

all patients should be treated as potentially infectious

Question 36

Standard precautions are an extension and clarification of

Answer 36

Universal precautions

Question 37

OSHA

Answer 37

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 38

Universal Precautions: | •1.

Answer 38

all work activities should be classified according to the potential for exposure. (appropriate equipment should be used based on the potential for exposure)

Question 39

Universal Precautions: | •2.

Answer 39

a detailed work practice program should be developed that includes standard operating procedures for all activities that have the potential for exposure.

Question 40

Universal Precautions: | •3.

Answer 40

the employer should monitor workers to ensure that the required work practices are observed and that protective clothing and equipment are provided and properly used.