Chapter 23

Question 1

who was the first to observe protists

Answer 1

anton von leeuwenhoek

Question 2

eukaryotic cell structure

Answer 2

cytoskeleton, microtubules, flagella, cilia, centrioles, microfilaments, myosin motor proteins

Question 3

modes of nutrition

Answer 3

photoautotroph, chemoheterotroph

Question 4

makes their own food via photosynthesis

all with chloroplasts with chlorophyll A

Answer 4

photoautotrophs

Question 5

an organism deriving energy from chemicals

through absorption or ingestion

Answer 5

chemoheterotrophs

Question 6

monomers cross plasma membrane by diffusion/active transport

Answer 6

absorptive

Question 7

particles taken into cell by phagocytosis

Answer 7

ingestive

Question 8

where did the nucleus and ER come from

Answer 8

a heterotrophic prokaryote gained nucleus and ER from enfolded plasma membrane

endosymbiotic theory

Question 9

where did the mitochondria come from

Answer 9

gained from endosymbiosis of aerobic heterotrophic bacterium

Question 10

______ have their own DNA which is circular, two membranes with proteins that look like bacteria

Answer 10

mitochondrion

Question 11

where did the chloroplast come from

Answer 11

gained from endosymbiosis of cyanobacterium

serial endosymbiosis hypothesis

Question 12

where did unique plastids come from

Answer 12

eukaryotic, symbiotic alga cells through secondary endosymbiosis

Question 13

entire life cycle as single cell

Answer 13

unicellular

Question 14

daughter cells remain connected together

Answer 14

colonial

Question 15

cell specialization, interdependence, cell junction, communication and coordination

Answer 15

multicellular

Question 16

nuclear division without cytokinesis

Answer 16

multinucleate

Question 17

three types of excavata

Answer 17

diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans

Question 18

characteristics of excavata

Answer 18

unicellular, feeding groove, flagellated, and no cell wall

Question 19

type of excavata

unicellular, multiple flagella, no cell wall, anaerobic, reduced mitochondria, most are parasitic

durable cysts consumed in water, causes diarrhea

Answer 19

diplomonads

Question 20

type of excavata

unicellular, multiple flagella, no cell wall, anaerobic, reduced mitochondria, asexual, most are symbiotic

ex: trichomonas vaginalis-human vaginal parasite

Answer 20

parabasalids

Question 21

type of excavata

unicellular, no cell wall, flagella with crystalline rod

Answer 21

euglenozoans

Question 22

two types of euglenozoans

Answer 22

euglenas and trypanosomas

Question 23

type of euglenozoan

free-living, aquatic, autotroph with green chloroplasts or heterotroph or mixotroph

Answer 23

euglenas

Question 24

type of euglenozoan

blood parasite, causes sleeping sickness

uses vectors

Answer 24

trypanosoma

Question 25

3 types of stramenopiles

Answer 25

diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes

Question 26

type of stramenopile unicellular phytoplankton, key primary producers, yellow and brown accessory pigments, silica walls, diatomaceous earth deposits, no flagellum, mostly diploid and divide by mitosis, when they get too small they do meiosis

Answer 26

diatoms

Question 27

type of stramenopile multicellular, mostly seaweeds, brownish accessory pigments, large thallose form, cell wall with cellulose and algin, ex: kelp

Answer 27

brown algae

Question 28

type of stramenopile filamentous, multinucleate, absorptive, superficially resemble fungi, cell walls with cellulose, filamentous growth is diploid, spores have feathery flagella

Answer 28

oomycetes

Question 29

three types of alveolates

Answer 29

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

Question 30

type of alveolate unicellular aquatic heterotrophs or phytoplankton with reddish accessory pigments, pair of flagella in perpendicular grooves, many have internal cellulose plates, many are photosynthetic mutualists with corals, some are bioluminescent

Answer 30

dinoflagellates

Question 31

type of alveolate unicellular parasites of animals, no cell wall, apical complex helps them enter host cells, complex life cycles, ex: plasmodium and toxoplasma

Answer 31

apicomplexans

Question 32

type of alveolate unicellular ingestive heterotroph with no cell wall, aquatic, cilia for feeding and locomotion, both macronucleus and micronucleus divide, conjugation trades haploid micronuclei

Answer 32

ciliates

Question 33

all alveolates have...

Answer 33

membrane-enclosed sac beneath the cell membrane

Question 34

type of protist with chloroplasts from primary endosymbiotic event with cell walls, all include cellulose

Answer 34

archaeplastida

Question 35

two types of archaeplastida

Answer 35

red algae, chlorophytes

Question 36

type of archaeplastida mostly marine, multicellular seaweeds, chloroplasts include unique red phycoerythrin accessory pigment; helps absorb light in deeper water, is a food source for humans (nori, ice cream), cellulose and unique cell wall polysaccharides

Answer 36

red algae

Question 37

type of archaeplastida green algae, most are freshwater, many marine, many with bi-flagellated cells, unicellular forms: phytoplankton, multicellular form: freshwater algae

Answer 37

chlorophytes

Question 38

three types of amoebozoans

Answer 38

slime molds, tubulinids, entamoebas

Question 39

type of amoebozoan use pseudopodia to move and ingest bacteria, plasmodial ______ feed as multinucleate plasmodium, cellular ______ feed as single cells then gather as an aggregate when food is gone to form spores

Answer 39

slime molds

Question 40

type of amoebozoan unicellular, free-living, aquatic or moist terrestrial, moves with pseudopodia feeding on bacteria, protists, detritus

Answer 40

tubulinids

Question 41

type of amoebozoans unicellular parasites of animals, kills and feeds on host cells, spreads by durable cyst form

Answer 41

entamoebas