Chapter 23- Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Describe covalent bonding in one snetence

Answer 1

Atoms share electrons

Question 2

Describe how sodium and chlorine bond

Answer 2

Ionic Bonding

• sodium Na, chlorine Cl
• sodium configuration= 2,8,1, -chlorine configuration=2,8,7
• sodium gives electron to chlorine

Question 3

What are usually the two states of the elements involved in ionic bonding

Answer 3

Metals and non metals

• metals want to loose electrons
• non-metals want to fill their outer shell

Question 4

How do elements in an ionic bond actually bond?

Answer 4

One becomes positively ( looses electrons)
One becomes negatively (gains electrons)

Then they attract-> ionic bond is formed

Question 5

What are the properties of ironically molecules?

Answer 5

• have v. Strong bond
• high boiling points
• conduct electricity when in liquid form
• soluble in water
• solids
• high melting points

Question 6

What states are the elements involved in covalent bonding?

Answer 6

Non-metals, because they both want electrons

Question 7

Describe the bonding in a water molecule

Answer 7

Covalent bonding
-H=1 electron each (want 1)
-O=8 electron  (wants 2)
-2 H atoms cling onto O's outer shell
2+6= full outer shell

Question 8

Describe an experiment to find out if a substance is ionic or covalent

Answer 8

• make a circuit with a battery, bulb, then a beaker of water with two electrodes in it (the circuit is unfinished because the electrodes aren’t touching, and the water doesn’t conduct)
• add substance to water
• if ionic-> the bulb will light
• if covalent -> the bulb will not light (hence why water isn’t a conductor)

Question 9

Covalent properties

Answer 9

• liquids/gasses
• insoluble
• don’t conduct electricity
• low melting and boiling points

Question 10

Describe ionic bonding in one sentence

Answer 10

• one looses electrons

- the other gains electrons