Chapter 23 Exam III

Question 1

External respiration involves gas exchange between what two structures?

Answer 1

Blood & Alveoli

Question 2

Internal respiration involves gas exchange between what two structures?

Answer 2

Blood and Body tissues

Question 3

What type of tissue is there in resp passages?

Answer 3

Sudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 4

Alveolar & capillary walls are thin permitting what?

Answer 4

Diffusion of gasses

Question 5

What antibody do asthmatics have too much of?

Answer 5

IgE

Question 6

Asthma drugs are compiled of what 2 classes of drugs?

Answer 6

Sympathomimentics

Steroids

Question 7

Type II respiratory cells produce what?

Answer 7

SUrfactant

Question 8

Simple squamus

Answer 8

Type I cells

Question 9

___ ___ is a measure if the lung’s “stretchability.”

Answer 9

Lung Compliance

Question 10

When compliance is abnormally ___ the lungs might fail to hold themselves open and are prone to collapse.

Answer 10

High

Question 11

When compliance is abnormally ___ WOB is increased.

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Which muscles are utilized in breathing?

Answer 12

Diaphragm

Intercostals

Question 13

An emboli causing a blockage of a branch of the pulmonary artery stops blood flow to a grp of lobules or alveoli is known as a ___ ___.

Answer 13

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 14

Forced breathing is known as ___.

Answer 14

Hyperpnea

Question 15

Hyperpnea causes what physiologic result in the body?

Answer 15

Alkalosis

Question 16

Define tidal volume

Answer 16

Amt of air in and out during 1 resp cycle.

Question 17

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume.

Answer 17

Amt of air you can take in over and above tidal volume

Question 18

Define Expiratory Reserve volume.

Answer 18

Amt of air you can voluntarily expel aft completing normal quiet voluntary resp cycle

Question 19

Asthmatics have terrible ERVs or IRVs?

Answer 19

ERV

Question 20

Define Vital Capacity.

Answer 20

Max amt air you can move into or out of your lungs in single resp cycle

Question 21

What is difference between lung volume and lung capacity?

Answer 21

.

Question 22

What is residual volume?

Answer 22

Amt of air remaining in lungs aft maximal exhalation

Question 23

What 3 things keep alveoli inflated.

Answer 23

Surfactant

Residual Volume

Question 24

Boyle’s Law says what?

Answer 24

For a gas in a closed container, @ constant temp, pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 25

Define anatomic dead space?

Answer 25

Vol of air in conducting passages

Question 26

Daltons Law says. . . .

Answer 26

That each gas in the atmosphere contributes to the total pressure.

Question 27

Henry's Law says. . . .

Answer 27

When gas under pressure comes in contact with a liquid it will diffuse in until equilibrium is reached

Question 28

Why does oxygen go from lungs to cells?

Answer 28

Due to differences in pressure

Question 29

Why is the concentration gradient between blood and O2 so much greater than that between CO2 and blood?

Answer 29

Because CO2 is more soluble than O2 therefore requires less gradient to diffuse into blood

Question 30

What factors cause hemoglobin to hold onto O2?

Answer 30

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 31

What substance made by RBCs tells Hb to dump O2?

Answer 31

Diphosphoglycerate (DPG)

Question 32

When a pregnant woman vomits repeatedly what happens to Hb and O2 levels.

Answer 32

Vomiting causes loss of stomach acid causing respiratory alkalosis causing Hb to hold on to O2 and not passing it along to the neonate.

Question 33

Describe cooperative binding.

Answer 33

cooperative binding means that the binding of one molecule of O2 facilitates or makes easier the binding of subsequent molecules.

Question 34

_____ is the gas-transport molecule inside erythrocytes.

Answer 34

Hemoglobin

Question 35

What is Bohr's Effect?

Answer 35

He said if you change pH you can effect how O2 binds to Hb

Question 36

According to Bohr as pH decreases what happens to O2 binding to Hb

Answer 36

Hb becomes less saturated with O2 causing a shift to the right on the gas transport graph

Question 37

According to Bohr as pH increases what happens to O2 binding to Hb?

Answer 37

When pH drops more O2 is released & O2-Hb curve shifts to right When pH increases, less O2 is released and curve shifts to left

Question 38

Describe the Haldane effect.

Answer 38

When temperature rises, more O2 is released; O2-Hb saturation curves to the right

Question 39

What 3 ways do we carry CO2?

Answer 39

As CO2 disolved in plasma As CO2 bound to Hb (globin protein portion) As CO2 in RBCs, converted to carbonic acid & brought to chloride shift

Question 40

Describe the chloride shift.

Answer 40

exchange of chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) between plasma and the erythrocytes occurring whenever HCO3− is generated

Question 41

What is a nucleus?

Answer 41

Clustering of nerve cells bodies in the CNS

Question 42

What is the Dorsal respiratory grp?

Answer 42

Contains neurons that control lower motor neurons innervating the external intercostal muscles & diaphragm

Question 43

What is the V respiratory grp?

Answer 43

Contains neurons that innervate lower motor neurons controlling accessory resp muscles involved in active exhalation