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BI 212 Exam III > Chapter 24 Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Digestive Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

___ takes place when materials enter the digestive tract through the mouth.

A

Ingestion

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2
Q

What is mechanical processing?

A

Crushing & shearing that makes materials easier to propel along the digestive tract.

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3
Q

___ refers to the chem breakdown of food into small organic fragments suitable for absorption by digestive epithelium.

A

Digestion

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4
Q

___ is the release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract and by glandular organs.

A

Secretion

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

Mvmt of organic molecules, vitamins, electrolytes & water across digestive epithelium & into interstitial fluid of digestive tract

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6
Q

___ is removal of waste products from body fluids.

A

Excretion

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7
Q

What parts of the digestive tract is responsible for mechanical processing, moistening and mixing with salivary secretions?

A

Oral cavity
Teeth
Tongue

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8
Q

Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the esophagus?

A

Transport of materials to the stomach

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10
Q

The stomach is responsible for what?

A

Chemical & mechanical breakdown of materials

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11
Q

The ___ ___ is responsible for enzymatic digestion & absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins and ions.

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

Dehydration & compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination is accomplished by the ___ ___.

A

Large Intestine

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the salivary glands within the digestive system?

A

Secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbs

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14
Q

What are 2 primary functions of the liver as it relates to ht digestive system?

A

Secretion of bile

Storage of nutrients

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15
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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16
Q

The cells of what organ secrete buffers & digestive enzymes & hormones?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

The lining of the digestive tract protects surrounding tissues from what 3 things?

A

Corrosive digestive acids & enzymes
Mechanical stresses
Bacteria

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18
Q

What lines the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous membrane consisting of superficial mesothelium covering a layer of areolar tissue

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19
Q

The ___ peritoneum covers organs which project into the peritoneal cavity where as the ___ peritoneum lines inner surfaces of the body wall.

A

Visceral

Parietal

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20
Q

A build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to liver or kidney disease or heart failure leading to abd swelling is known as ___.

A

Ascites

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21
Q

Portions of the digestive tract suspended within peritoneal cavity by sheets of serous membrane that connect parietal peritoneum w/visceral peritoneum are known as what?

A

Mesenteries

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22
Q

What are mesenteries made up of?

A

Double sheets of peritoneal membrane

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23
Q

The ___ ___ stabilizes the position of the stomach & provides an access route for blood vessels & other structures entering of leaving the liver.

A

Lesser Omentum

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24
Q

Which ligament helps to stabilize the liver relative to the diaphragm & abd wall?

A

Falciform

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25
All but the first 25 cm of the small intestine is suspended by the ___ ___ a thick mesenterial sheet.
Mesentery proper
26
Organs that lie posterior to rather than surrounded by the peritoneal cavity are said to be ___.
Retroperitoneal
27
A ___ is a mesentery assoc with a portion of the lg intestine.
Mesocolon
28
The ___ mesocolon supports the transverse colon and the ___ mesocolon supports the sigmoid colon.
Transverse | Sigmoid
29
What are the 4 major layers of the digestive tract?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Externa Serosa
30
The inner lining or mucosa is a mucous membrane consisting of what?
Epithelium moistened by glandular secretions & a lamina propria or aerolar tissue
31
What is the function of enteroendocrine cells?
Secrete hormones that coordinate activities of digestive tract & accessory glands
32
Folds in the lining of the digestive tract that increase surface areas are known as what?
Plicae circulares
33
What is contained within the lamina propria?
Aerolar tissue containing blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, smooth muscle cells, scattered lymphoid tissue
34
What is the lamina propria compromised of in the digestive tract?
Narrow sheet of smooth muscle & elastic fibers
35
The lamina propria of the pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and duodenum contain what that isn't in other parts?
Secretory Cells of Mucous glands
36
What is the name given to the lamina propria in the digestive tract?
Muscularis mucosae
37
The outer margin of the submucosa contains a network of intrinsic nerve fibers and scattered neurons known as the ___ ___.
Submucosal Plexus
38
What part of the ANS innervates the enteric nervous system?
Parasympathetic
39
The myenteric plexus is or plexus of ___ is a network of parasympathetic ganglia, sensory neurons, interneurons and sympathetic postganglionic fibers
Auerbach
40
A serous membrane known as the ____ covers the muscular is externa along most portions of the digestive tract inside the peritoneal cavity
Serosa
41
The muscularis externa propels materials from one portion of the digestive tract to another by contractions known as ___.
Peristalsis
42
What is segmentation?
Muscle contractions that churn and fragment food bolus mixing it with intestinal secretions
43
Name the 4 functions of the oral cavity.
Sensory analysis Mechanical processing Lubrication Limited digestion of carbs and lipids
44
The oral cavity is lined by a/an ___ ___ comprised of stratified squamus epithelium
Oral Mucosa
45
The mucosae of the cheeks or lateral walls of the oral cavity are supported by what?
Pads of fat | Buccinator muscles
46
Anteriorly the mucosa of each cheek is continuous with that of the lips or ____.
Labia
47
The ___ is the space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth.
Vestibule
48
What is the name given to ridges of oral mucosa that surround the base of each tooth on the alveolar processes of the maxillary bones and mandible.
Gingivae
49
What is the name to a dangling process that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx too soon?
Uvula
50
On either side of the uvula are 2 prs of muscular ___ ___.
Pharyngeal arches
51
The more anterior ___ arch extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue.
Palatoglossal
52
What is the name given to the arched opening between the soft palate and the base of the tongue?
Fauces
53
The more posterior ___ arch extends from the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall.
Palatopharyngeal
54
Along the inferior midline of the tongue is the ___ ___a thin fold of mucus membrane that connects the body of the tongue to the mucosa covering the floor of the oral cavity
Lingual Frenulum
55
What are the 2 grps of skeletal muscles that are involved with the tongue?
Lg extrinsic tongue muscles | Sm intrinsic tongue muscles
56
Which tongue muscles perform gross mvmts of the tongue?
Extrinsic
57
Which tongue muscles change the shape of the tongue & assist extrinsic muscles during precise mvmts as in speech?
Intrinsic
58
Which cranial nerve controls both intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles?
CM XII | Hypoglossal
59
The ___ salivary glands lie inferior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the surface of the mandible.
Parotid
60
The parotid salivary gland secretes what?
Serous secretion containing salivary amylase to break down starches
61
Secretions of the parotid salivary gland are drained by the parotid duct which empties where.
Vestibule at the second upper molar
62
The ____ salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth secrete mucous that act as a buffer and a lubricant.
Sublingual
63
Where do the sublingual ducts open?
Either side of the lingual frenulum
64
What salivary glands are located in the floor of the mouth in a depression called the mandibular groove?
Submandibular
65
What is secreted by the submandibular glands?
Buffers Glycoproteins called mucins Salivary amylase
66
Submandibular ducts open into the mouth where?
Either side of the lingual frenulum posterior to the teeth
67
What is the function of mucins?
Give saliva its lubricating action
68
What enzyme is involved in the processing of material in the mouth?
Salivary amylase | AKA Ptyalin or alpha-amylase
69
What is the other name for the Myenteric Nerve Plexus?
Plexus of Auerbach
70
What is other name for the submucosal nerve plexus
Plexus of Meisner
71
The enteric nerve system is made up of what 2 plexus?
Plexus of Auerbach | Plexus of Meisner
72
The enteric nervous sys is thought to be the 3rd division of what?
ANS

BI 212 Exam III (3 decks)

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